Chapter 4: Biological Molecules

what are carbohydrates made of

C, H, O

common carbohydrate: C6H12O6 (glucose)

used in animals as glycogen and in plants as starch

what are fats and oils (lipids) made of

C, H, O

what are proteins made of

C, H, O, N, sometimes Sulfur

starch, glycogen and cellulose are made of

glucose

fats and oils are made of

fatty acids and glycerol

proteins are made of

amino acids

test for starch

iodine solution

steps: iodine solution for starch

test for reducing sugars

benedict’s solution

steps: benedict’s solution for reducing sugars

test for proteins

biuret test

steps: biuret test for proteins

test for fats and oils

ethanol emulsion

steps: ethanol emulsion for fats and oils

test for vitamin c

DCPIP

steps: DCPIP for vitamin c

structure of DNA molecule

two strands coiled together to form a double helix

each strand contains chemicals called bases

bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together

bases always pair up in the same way (A with T, C with G)