Biology 3 - Voice of the Genome

what are all living organisms made of?

cells

what is the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes (rER is covered in ribosomes)

what is the role of the Golgi apparatus

it processes and packages new lipids and proteins and also makes lysosomes (it is a group of fluid-filled + flattened sacs and vesicles are often seen at the end of the sacs)

what are the organelles in a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus, nucleolus, ribosomes, rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, centrioles, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus

what are the organelles of a prokaryotic cell?

cell wall, plasmids, capsule, flagellum, pili, ribosomes, mesosomes, circular DNA

what is the acrosome reaction?

when the sperm approaches the egg, acrosome is released to dissolve the zona pellucida

what is the zona pellucida?

the translucent coat that surrounds the egg

explain the process of fertilisation

1. sperm swims to egg

2. acrosome reaction at contact

3. zona pellucida dissolves, sperm through to cell membrane

4. cortical reaction, release of cortical granules into membrane space

5. chemicals thicken the zona pellucida to make it impenetrable to other sperm

6. sperm nucleus enters cell, tail is discarded

7. nucleus’ fuse (fertilisation)

what does locus mean?

the location of genes on a chromosome

what is meant by sex linkage?

a gene located on the sex chromosome

what is meant by linked genes?

when genes are located on the same chromosome

what is a stem cell?

an undifferentiated/unspecialised cell

what is pluripotency?

the ability for a stem cell to produce all specialised cells except extraembryonic cells

what is totipotency?

the ability for a stem cell to produce all specialised cells including extraembryonic cells