Reading: Forest Management in Pennsylvania

black knot disease

a fungal disease that primarily affects trees of the Prunus genus, such as plum, cherry, and apricot trees

norm (n)

a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected

legacy (n)

inheritance; something handed down from the past

combustion (n)

the process of burning

solely (adv)

only; not involving somebody/something else

incorporate into

to include something so that it forms a part of something

invasive (adj)

spreading very quickly and difficult to stop

foliage (n)

the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together

pest (n)

an insect or animal that destroys plants, food, etc.

pathogen (n)

a thing that causes disease

vigorous (adj)

very active, determined or full of energy/strong and healthy

Two-tier forest

A forest with two distinct layers or age groups of trees

retention (n)

the action of keeping something rather than losing it or stopping it