Biology Review

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10 Terms

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Scientific Method

A step-by-step process used by scientists to investigate questions, gather evidence, and draw conclusions based on experiments and observations.

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Observation

Identifying a problem or question based on initial research.

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Hypothesis

A testable prediction or educated guess; often framed as 'if…, then…'.

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Null Hypothesis

A statement of 'no effect' or 'no difference' that researchers aim to disprove.

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Alternative Hypothesis

A hypothesis that contradicts the null hypothesis and suggests a possible effect or difference.

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Independent Variable (IV)

The one factor that is changed between groups; what is manipulated in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable (DV)

The factor that is measured and affected by the independent variable.

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Negative Control

A group not exposed to any treatment or exposed to a treatment known to have no effect.

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Positive Control

A group exposed to a treatment known to have an expected effect, ensuring the experimental setup can produce a known effect.

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Constant (Controlled Variable)

Factors kept consistent for all groups to ensure that only the independent variable affects the outcome.