Atomic Structure

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17 Terms

1

Proton

subatomic particles carrying a charge equal to but opposite to that of an electron

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2

Neutron

subatomic particle that has a mass nearly equal to that of a proton but carries no charge

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3

Isotopes

atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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4

Mass number

identifies each isotope of an element and is the sum of the atomic number (or number of protons) and neutrons in the nucleus.

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5

Radioactivity

When substances emit radiation

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6

Radiation

Rays and partcles emitted by the atoms

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7

Radioactive decay

When unstable nuclei loses energy by emitting radiation in a spontaneous process

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8
<p>Types of radiation </p>

Types of radiation

  1. Alpha radiation

  2. Beta radiation

  3. Gamma radiation

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9

What determines an atom’s stability?

The ratio of neutrons to protons

Atoms containing too many or too few neutrons are unstable and lose energy as they decay to form a stable nucleus.

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10
<p>Alpha radiation </p>

Alpha radiation

involves alpha particles containing two protons and two neutrons and thus has a 2+ charge (don’t have electrons)

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11

Alpha particles are

negatively attracted to the negatively charged plate

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12

Alpha particles are equivalent to

helium-4 nucleus

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13

Beta radiation

Involves beta particles which are electrons with a charge of 1- and no mass

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14

Process of beta radiation

Electrons arent emitted from the atom shells

One of the atom’s neutron’s decay into a proton and electron

The proton stays in the nucleus and the electron is emitted out at a high speed

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15

Gammy rays

not particles, waves of electromagnetic radiation

(lighters, light)

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16

Charge of gammy rays

No mass/charge

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17

When does this radiation happen?

After beta radiation as a way to get rid of the extra energy in the nucleus

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