HOSA 2024 - Middle Childhood (22%)

Middle Childhood

6-11 years old, focus on fact not fantasy

Head Growth

Myelination of brain is completed bby age 7 and reaches adult size by 12

Bones Growth

ossify and grow, low center of gravity because of shift in posture and leg length

Growth

slower until growth spurts before puberty, 3''/year (weight and height play a role in social development)

Teeth

Primary teeth begin at age 6, plaque can begin to grow

Gastrointestinal tract

more mature and stomach capacity increases, need less calories

Obesity

negatively affect self-image and social development (2-3 kg/year)`

Play/Exercise

5-7 star rough and competitive challenging plays to build strenght, endurance and coordination

Asthma

common helath problem and can be prevented by warming air and relaxing muscles

Nutrition

keep good nutrition and prevent injuries are challenging during this age (low-saturated fats)

Piaget

Latent period, concrete thinkers logically and understand rules

Hand-on learning

most effective education method

Cognitive deggicit

need to be assessed early in life for good success

Erikson

stage of industry - child develops curitosity and to emulate role models

Egocentrism

decreases by 7 and become more cooperative with a sense of self-awareness or social cognition

Kohlberg

ability to think logically is related to moral behavior

Recirpocity

moral behavior is learned through positive reinforcements

Cognitive Styles

attention span of 45 mins required to process information, elementary curriculum is created to increase cognitive demand gradually

Feeling of Success

encourage the child to keep making efforts and feelings of failure might cause low self-confidence and avoidance

Communication Skills

express themselves verbally, language is very important to reduce social isolation

IQ Test

Standford-Binet intelligence quotient published in 1905 in France, asses mental capabilities and compares set norms or expectations

Wechsler Intelligence Scale

designed for 6-16

Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence

3-7 years old

Task of Industry

primary task for children was to develop a sense of industry, praise and motivation is essential (Erikson)

Peer relationship

reduce reliance on family and embarrassed of public affection, chores helps with responsibility and feeling like a member in the family, labelling will be incorporated in self-image

Latchkey Children

those left unsupervised after school without care, like independence and feel isolated

Sexuality 4-7

children engage in activities that might involve touching or viewing genitals

Sexuality 9-11

social media and sexually explicit songs rush childhood, masturbation occurs occasionally

Teaching Techniques

info should be presented in truthful and factual manner for up to 45 mins, verbal feedback is important, encourage the child to take on responsibilities, group work influences attitude, learning and values

Primary Goal of Teaching

foster normal growth and development even if some physical or intellectual disabilities are present

Discipline

should be positive, only for teaching not for revenge

Cause and Effect

should be shown immediately after behavior so the child know exactly what they did right or wrong

Termperaments

predispose the child of misbehavior and disorders

Corporal punishment

spanking, hitting, inflicting pain - very similar to child abuse