Key Organizations and Actions in the Civil Rights Movement

Flashcards covering key organizations, concepts, and legislation related to the Civil Rights Movement.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; focused on legal action against discrimination.

SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee; known for organizing sit-ins.

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference; led by Martin Luther King Jr. to organize nonviolent actions.

Sit-ins

Protesters occupying segregated seating, such as lunch counters, until served or evicted.

Freedom Riders

Activists who rode buses into the segregated South to protest bus terminal segregation.

Boycott

A peaceful refusal to use specific products or services, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Civil Rights Movement

Aimed to end legalized racial discrimination and restore voting rights for African Americans, primarily in the South.

Civil Rights

Freedoms guaranteed to citizens to ensure equality, such as the right to vote, fair trials, and equal access to public facilities.

Nonviolent Resistance

Peaceful opposition to injustice through methods like sit-ins, boycotts, and marches.

Segregation

De jure segregation enforced by law (Jim Crow) and de facto segregation occurred through social/economic conditions.

Integration/Desegregation

The process of combining racially separated facilities or schools.

Civil Disobedience

The active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, often nonviolently.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Supreme Court ruling that overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, declaring segregated schools unconstitutional.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in public places and employment.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Eliminated discriminatory tools like literacy tests.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation and restrict voting rights.

Poll Tax

A tax required to vote, used to prevent African Americans from voting.

Literacy Test

A test given to prevent black citizens from voting.

Black Power Movement

A movement emphasizing racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.

Black Arts Movement (BAM)

The artistic branch of the Black Power movement, focused on celebrating African American culture.