appendicular skeleton (lower limbs)

pelvic girdle

• lower limbs

• pelvis

• femur

• patella

• tibia

• fibula

pelvis/pelvix girdle and the features within

• formed by the the fusion of 2 coxal bones and the sacrum

• coxal bone—hip bone

• ilium

• ischium

• pubis

• acetabulum: cavity that provides the side to attach with the femur

• oburator foramen

• pelvic brim

features within the ilium

• sacroiliac joint: joins the ilium and the sacrum

• iliac crest: the “top”/”ears” of the ilium/coxal

features within the ischium

• ischial tuberosity

• ischial spine

• greater and lesser sciatic notches

features within the pubis

• pubic arch

• articular surface at pubic symphysis

femur

• thigh bone

• heaviest and largest bone

• ball shaped head

• shaft

• neck

features within the femur

• head

• neck

• greater and lesser trochanters

• medial and lateral condyles

  • form the knee joint?

  • articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia

• patellar surface: knee cap

  • meniscus???

• adductor tubercle

tibia

• shine bone

• weight bearing bone

• medial in position

features of the tibia

• medial and lateral condyles: articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur!!!

• anterior border

• medial malleolus: talus, forms ankle joint, fibula provides support

• tibial tuberosity: for muscle attachment

fibula

• on lateral side compared to tibia

• thin bone compared to tibia

features of fibula

• head

• lateral malleolus: talus??

ankle and foot

formed by…

• 7 tarsal bones

• 5 metatarsal bones

• 14 phalanges

tarsals

• form the ankle

• 7 of them

• calcaneus

• talus/trochlea of talus: articulates with the tibia

metatarsals

• form arches of the foot

• 5 of them

phalanges

• form the foot

• 14 of them

• big toe has 2 (proximal and distal)

• other toes have 3 (proximal, middle, and distal)