Race and Ethnicity

Race

Socially constructed categories based on physical traits.

Ethnicity

Cultural identity based on shared characteristics.

IQ Scores

Measures intelligence; influenced by social factors.

Flynn Effect

Increase in IQ scores over decades globally.

Cultural Specificity

IQ tests vary in relevance across cultures.

Social Inequality

Disparities in resources affecting IQ test outcomes.

Athletic Superiority

No biological gene determines athletic ability.

Prejudice

Attitude judging individuals based on group traits.

Discrimination

Unfair treatment based on group membership.

Resumé Whitening

Altering names to reduce ethnic bias in hiring.

Callback Rate

Percentage of applicants invited for interviews.

Anglicized Names

Names modified to sound more Western.

Social Conditions

Factors leading to increased sports participation.

Professional Sports Participation

Often higher among marginalized groups.

Job Market Inequality

Disparities in hiring based on ethnicity.

Abstract Reasoning

Cognitive ability to analyze complex patterns.

Modernity's Role

Influence of contemporary society on intelligence.

Racial Group IQ

Average IQ reflects social environment conditions.

Disproportionate Participation

Higher involvement in sports among discriminated groups.

Peer Counsellor

Student providing guidance to fellow students.

Cultural Activities

Engagements reflecting specific ethnic backgrounds.

Generic Minority Groups

Broad categories lacking specific ethnic identity.

Job Application Strategies

Methods used by minorities to enhance job prospects.

Callback Rate

Percentage of applicants called back for interviews.

Whitened Names

Names altered to appear less ethnic or racial.

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's own race.

Scapegoat

Disadvantaged group blamed for societal problems.

Social Construct

Concept created by societal norms and beliefs.

Eugenics

Study aimed at improving genetic quality of humans.

Racist Media

Media that perpetuates racial stereotypes and assumptions.

Genetic Ancestry Test

Test revealing a person's ancestral genetic background.

Race Self-Identification

Personal identification with one or more racial groups.

Reification of Race

Treating race as a fixed, natural category.

Critical Race Theory

Examination of racism within legal and social structures.

Contact Hypothesis

Theory that interaction reduces racial prejudice.

White-lash

Backlash against racial progress by white individuals.

Institutional Ideologies

Beliefs embedded in societal institutions affecting behavior.

Racial Prejudice

Negative attitudes towards individuals based on race.

Power and Privilege

Societal advantages held by certain racial groups.

Intersectionality

How various social identities intersect and impact experiences.

Ambiguities of Race

Unclear definitions and meanings associated with race.

Black Advancement

Progress made by Black individuals in society.

White Backlash

Resistance from white individuals against racial equality.

Multi-racial Class

Class composed of students from various racial backgrounds.

White-lash

Backlash against Black advancement in America.

Intersectionality

Multiple identity aspects shape individual experiences.

Defunding the police

Redirecting police funds to mental health services.

Ahmaud Arbery

Victim of modern-day lynching by three white men.

Institutional racism

Systemic discrimination embedded in societal structures.

Ethnic Group

People sharing significant cultural markers like language.

Race

Socially defined category based on perceived physical traits.

Ethnicity

Cultural identity based on shared customs and values.

Social structural differences

Economic and social factors influencing group behavior.

W.I. Thomas theorem

Beliefs shape reality through their consequences.

Cultural markers

Elements like language and customs defining ethnic groups.

Biological race concept

Genetic differences between races are trivial.

Sociological race concept

Racial groups treated differently based on appearance.

Mental health crisis

A situation requiring professional psychological intervention.

Political backlash

Negative response to social or political changes.

Robust pluralism

Acceptance of diverse groups within society.

Modern-day lynching

Racially motivated murder reflecting historical injustices.

Racial tension

Strained relations between different racial groups.

Self-identification

Group members defining their own ethnic identity.

Cultural distinctions

Differences in customs influencing ethnic group behavior.

Economic success factors

Elements determining financial stability of ethnic groups.

Police as first responders

Law enforcement's primary role in crisis situations.

Average Annual Income

Non-white Canadians earn less than white Canadians.

Low-Income Statistics

20.8% of people of colour are low-income.

Income Gap Factors

Immigration status affects income disparity.

Racialized Earnings

Racialized women earn 58 cents per dollar.

Racialized Men Earnings

Racialized men earn 76 cents per dollar.

Vertical Mosaic

Canada's society is ethnically stratified, not melting pot.

Ethnic Mobility Trap

Prejudice limits upward mobility for immigrants.

Cultural Retention Issues

Maintaining ethnic culture hampers immigrant success.

Economic Success Determinants

Resources and opportunities define ethnic group success.

Social Structure Impact

Mobility opportunities affect economic success more than culture.

John Porter

Coined 'vertical mosaic' to describe Canadian society.

WASPs

White Anglo-Saxon Protestants dominated Canadian politics.

Census Comparison

12.2% of non-racialized people are low-income.

Negotiation of Identity

Racial and ethnic identities are fluid and negotiable.

Social Context Changes

Changes in context restart identity negotiation process.

Economic Opportunities

Access to jobs and resources influences income.

Literacy and Education

Key resources for economic advancement.

Urbanity

Living in urban areas often provides more opportunities.

Financial Assets

Wealth accumulation aids economic success.

Discrimination Effects

Prejudice limits access to economic opportunities.

Cultural Values

Cultural practices can influence success in society.

Second Generation Workers

Experience ongoing income disparities despite assimilation.

Imposition

Dominance of one ethnic identity over others.

Symbolic Interactionism

Focus on social interactions shaping identities.

Racism

Belief in racial inferiority based on visible traits.

Institutional Racism

Bias embedded in social institutions, often unnoticed.

Colonialism

Control of one country over another's people.

Internal Colonialism

Subjugation of one ethnic group by another domestically.

Expulsion

Forcible removal of a population from territory.

Genocide

Intentional extermination of an entire population.

Canadian Genocide

Denial of existence of a human group.

Discrimination

Unjust treatment based on group characteristics.

Health Disparities

Inequities in health outcomes among different groups.

Negative Indicators

Metrics reflecting adverse conditions for a group.