AP Psych - Testing and Individual Differences

Intelligence

ability to learn, solve problems, and adapt

Charles Spearman

general intelligence underlies all mental abilities

general intelligence

g

L.L. Thurstone

primary mental abilities

challenged the idea of general intelligence

Howard Gardner

multiple intelligences

Savant Syndrome

person with limited mental abilities has an exceptional special skill

Robert Sternberg

triarchic theory

Creative intelligence

ability to generate new, novel ideas

Analytic intelligence

evaluate information and solve problems systematically

Practical Intelligence

ability to adapt to real-world situations

Grit

passion and perseverance in pursuit of long-term goals

Emotional Intelligence

our ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

equates with happiness and better health

Intelligence Test

method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical values

Achievement Test

intended to reflect what you have learned

Aptitude Test

intended to predict you ability to learn a new skill

Francis Galton

believed intelligence is inherited

Eugenics

reproduction of highly intelligent people

Alfred Binet

Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale

BSIS (Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale)

assessed mental age

Mental Age

the level of performance typically associated with children of a chronological age

Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test

William Stern

used the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test to develop the idea of intelligence quotient (IQ)

David Wechsler

created today’s most widely used intelligence test

there is a test for adults and a test for children

Intelligence Test

standardized, reliable, and valid

standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Flynn Effect

intelligence test performance has improved across the world

Reliability

extent to which a test yields consistent results

Split-half Reliability

scores on one half of a test match scores on the 2nd half

Test-retest Reliability

same score on alternative forms of a test or when taken a 2nd time

Validity

extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Content Validity

tests that tap the pertinent behavior, or criterion

Predictive Validity

tests predict behavior it is designed to predict

Crystallized Intelligence

accumulated knowledge of verbal skills

increases with age

Fluid Intelligence

ability to reason speedily and abstractly to solve problems

decreases with age

Intellectual Disability

a condition of limited mental ability indicated by a score of 70 or below on an IQ test

Down Syndrome

condition of mild to severe intellectual disability

extra copy of chromosome 21

Gifted

130 and above

Heretability

proportion that can be attributed to genes

Stereotype Threat

a member of a certain gender, racial or ethnic group may be led to believe the group tends to perform poorly on as assessment which leads to anxiety and poor performance

Culture-Fair

independent of knowledge from any specific culture