AP GOV CIVIL RIGHTS AND CIVIL LIBERTIES STUDYING (quiz 2)

Study guide for quiz 2 for mr jiles

Civil Liberties

Basic freedoms and rights given to individuals that are protected by the law from government interference.

Civil Rights

Basic rights to be free from discrimination based on certain protected characteristics.

Libel

A written statement used to damage someone’s reputation.

Selective Incorporation

When the Bill of Rights are applied to the states through court cases.

Schenck v. United States

Charles Schneck convicted under 1917 Espionage Act because he was passing pamphlets telling men to resist the draft. Court ruled at Schenck’s actions were not protected by free speech, upholding the Espionage Act. Ruling that he created a “clear and present danger” which isn’t protected by the first amendment.

Engel v. Vitale

Some states in the 1950’s adopted a non-denominational prayer. In 1958 this was challenged by a parent (Engel) and claimed this was a violation of the establishment clause. The Court ruled that the first amendment did protect against government interference with religion. Schools now cannot lead students in prayer.

Tinker v. Des Moines

In 1965, a public in Iowa suspended three teenagers for wearing black armbands with peace signs on them during the time where protests against the Vietnam War as frequent. Court ruled that the armbands were a form of symbolic speech and it didn’t interfere with class time.

New York Times v. United States

In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg leaked the top secret “Pentagon Papers” of the US involvement in Vietnam in it. The New York Times published it but the Nixon administration soon shut it down. The Court ruled that the Nixon administration violated first amendment rights. US government didn’t show justification for the enforcement of ‘prior restraint’.

New York Times v. Sullivan

The Court ruled for the Times, held that the target of the statement must show that it was made with “actual malice”.

Morse v. Frederick

Started in 2007 when a kid raised a banner with the words “bong hits for jesus”, causing the the student to be suspended. The Court held that school officials can prohibit student’s from displaying messages that promote illegal drug use. Matters where and when something is put up.

Gitlow v. New York

In 1925, Ben Gitlow advocated for a violent overthrowing of the US government. Court upheld Gitlow’s conviction, and established Selective Incorporation. Clear and present danger applied.