THE BIOCHEMICAL, GENETIC AND BRAIN ABNORMALITY EXOLANATIONS OF MENTAL ILLNESS

Neuron cells release ___ to send messages from one neuron to the next

Neurotransmitters

Each neuron releases chemicals, neurotransmitters which cross the __, the area where two neurons meet

Synapse

The neurotransmitters will bind to __ __ on the next neuron, prompting the next neuron to also release neurotransmitters

Receptor sites

Different chemical neurotransmitters are related to different __ and __

Moods, behaviours

If there is an imbalance of neurotransmitters, then mood and behaviour will not be regulated properly, causing __ __

Mental illness

MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS(DEPRESSION)-Too much monoamine oxidase enzyme = too few ___ reach receptors = low __/ low mood for most of the day and low Noradrenalin/fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia

Monoamine, dopamine

MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS(DEPRESSION)- ___ controls levels of dopamine and noradrenaline

Serotonin

MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS(DEPRESSION)- ___ Regulates mood

Dopamine

MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS(DEPRESSION)- ___ Regulates activity levels

Noradrenaline

MONOAMINE HYPOTHESIS(DEPRESSION)-High levels of __ __ break down the monoamine before they reach the receptors, disrupting the activation in the brain

Enzyme oxidase

GENETIC EXPLANATION(MENTAL ILLNESS)-A gene is an inherited collection of __

DNA

GENETIC EXPLANATION(MENTAL ILLNESS)-Specific combinations of genes (___) in the DNA sequence influence the development of observable characteristics (___)

Genotypes, phenotypes

GENETIC EXPLANATION(MENTAL ILLNESS)-Most agree that __ ___ are phenotypes, they are expressions of the genotype phenotypes

Physical characteristics

GENETIC EXPLANATION(MENTAL ILLNESS)-Medical psychologists argue that __ thoughts, personality and behaviour can also be phenotypes

Abstract

GENETIC EXPLANATION(MENTAL ILLNESS)-Most medical psychologists will acknowledge the phenotypes expression is also affected by the __ and __

Environment, experience

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION-Inherited hSERT genotype with two __ __ = less __ reuptake when exposed to stressors = lower mood most of day phenotype when exposed to stressors

Short allele, serotonin

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION- HSERT gene controls how __ is recycled at the synapse after it has activated the receptor

Serotonin

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION-Individuals with __ __ __ have less serotonin recycling at the synapse, and are more likely to be diagnosed with depression

Two short alleles

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION-Two short alleles on the hSERT gene make an individual __ to depression: they are more likely, not guaranteed, to not get depression

Predisposed

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION-Genetic explanations for depression are ___: they can only be explained through a combination of genes and traumatic stressors experiences

Interactionist

GENETIC VULNERABILITY TO DEPRESSION-The hSERT seems to influence how likely it is that an individual will be negatively affected by ___ __: external stimuli considered demanding or threatening

Environmental stressors

BRAIN ABNORMALITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS-Smaller/less blood flow to the __ __ = less activation in Frontal lobes = poorer thoughts about self and future = __ __/thoughts about death and Sui due

Frontal lobes, worthless guilt

BRAIN ABNORMALITY AND MENTAL ILLNESS-MRI scans have found that frontal lobes tend to be smaller and have __ __ __ in depressed patients

Less blood flow