2nd Lecture Microbiology and parasitology

Progenote

Woese's proposed first living organism containing information stored in genes not yet linked together on chromosomes

Protozoa

-Most engrossing and vivid group microorg

-first animal

-10 times more diverse than bacteria viruses

Ectoplasm

clear outer layer involved in locomotion, feeding, and protection

Endoplasm

granular inner region housing the nucleus, mitochondria, and food and contractile vacuoles

Pseudopods

A "false foot" or temporary bulge of cytoplasm used for feeding and movement in some protozoans.

Flagella

Long whiplike structure

Cilia

Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion. Identical to flagella but shorter than flagella

pseudopodia

Used for locomotion, food capture, and endocytosis

Endocytosis

The process whereby solid and liquid materials are taken intp the cell through membrane invagination and engulfment into a vesicle

Actin

fine protein fibers whithin cells that contribute to structure and support

Trophozoites

Activve feeding stage of parasitic protozoa

Sarcodina

Moved by pseudopodia

Replication: binary fission

Shape: pleomorphic

Entamoeba histolytica

Causative agent of amoeba

Lobopodia

One of the diversity of pseudopodia which is wide and round

filopodia

One of the diversity of pseudopodia which is slender and may be branched

large intestine

Entamoeba histolyca localization

Intestinal amoebiasis

For mation of ulcers of the wall of the intestine acute or chronic diarrhea, stool containing blood and mucus may be asymptomatic infection

extra-intestinal amoebiasis

Abscess of liver, lung, brain, skinl

prophylaxis

Treatment of patients asymptomatic cyst carriers

Shelled amebas

radiolarians and foraminiferans, respondible for the chalk deposist in the oceans

Foraminefera

Create natural wonders in a form of chalk and limestone ex. Pink sand of bermuda

Radiolaria

-Mostly plankton

-Siliceous, spherical test

-upto 20cm im some colonial species

Sporozoa (Apicomplexa)

Lack locomotor organelles

sporozoite

infective stage of plasmodium

merozoite

Reinfective stage of plasmodium

Gametocytes

Reproductive stage of plasmodium

spore

Gametes pair to form zygotes and a protective capsule is secreted

Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasmosis causative agent

Mastigophora

Motion by flagella

Glossina palpalis

Name of the tsetse fly that transmits African trypanosomiasis

Chaga Disease

Disease cause by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi

Phlebotomus sergenti

Cutaneus leishmaniasis transmission vector name (in iran, iraq, and india)

Phlebotomus papatasi

Cutaneus leishmaniasis transmission vector name (in southern france, italy andcertain mediterranean islands)

Leishmania donovani

Visceral leishmaniasis parasite

Lamblia intestinalis

Lambliosis parasite

Urogenital trichomoniasis

Disease cause by trichomonas vaginalis

Ciliophora

Trophosoites are motile by cilia

macronucleus

Genes are actively transcribed

micronucleus

Master copy of genome, inactive except during cell division

Trichocysts

very small, bottle shaped structures used for defense

Toxicyst

Structures possessed by predatory ciliate protozoa, which on stimulation expel a poison to subdue the prey

Mucocysts

Release mucus and creates sticky surface for prey capture or protective cysts

Balantidium coli

a large motile ciliated parasite that lives in the colon of pigs, humans, and rodents and can lead to colonic ulceration

Microspora

Lack mitochondria

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

A microsporidian that parasitises the small intestine. Also more common in the immunocomprised

Anncaliia algerae

Keratoconjunctivitis, skin and deep muscle infection

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

Diarrhea, acalculous cholecystitis

Enchephalitozoon cuniculi and hellem

Keratoconjuctivitis, infection of respiratory and genitourinary tract, dessiminated infection

Encephalitozoon intestinalis

Infection of the GI tract causing diarrhea, and dissemination to ocular, genitourinary and respiratory tracts

Microporidium

Infection of the cornea

Nosema sp.(N. Ocularum) , anncalia connon

Ocular infection

Pleistophora sp.

Muscular infection

Trachipleistophora anthropophthera

Disseminated infection

Trachipleistophora hominis

Muscular infection, stromal keratitis

Tubulinosema acridophagus

Dessiminate infection

Vittaforma corneae

Ocular infection, urinary tract infection

Protists

Live in almost any environment that containts liauid water

Chloroplast

Most protozoa cells are single cells containing the major eukaryotic organelles except

cell wall

Protozoa lacks

cell membrane

Protozoa outer boundary is a ______ that regulates the movement of the food, waste and secretion

Actin

Results in conversion of ectoplasma to edoplasma

trophozoite

All protozoa have a (active feeding stage)

Early cyst

Forming coating

Mature cyst

Dormant, resting stage

Not pathogenic species

Entamoeba gingivalis, entamoeba coli

Mature cyst

Entamoeba hystolyca infective stage