ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Section D

When a polythene rod is rubbed with a cloth, the cloth loses electrons and becomes ________ charged, while the polythene rod ____ electrons and becomes ______ charged

positively ; gains; negatively

Similar charges _____vwhile Opposite charges _______

repel each other; attract each other

Explain the process of charging an uncharged metal dome by use of a metal rod

A metal rod can be used to charge an uncharged metal dome by bringing the rod close to the dome without touching it. This induces a charge separation within the dome, causing opposite charges to accumulate on its surface, which can then be grounded to achieve a permanent charge.

What is an ‘electric field’?

An electric field is a region around a charged particle where it exerts a force on other charged particles, influencing their motion.

OR

A region in which a body experiences a force due to its charge

State ONE hazard of static charge

1. Lightning

2. Charging from the fabric seats of cars:
   The occupants of a vehicle usually become charged by friction with the fabric of the seats, especially

   in dry regions. When someone gets out of a vehicle to operate a gasoline pump, a spark may jump

   between the person's body and the metal nozzle of the hose, producing a flash fire through the

   flammable vapour. It is therefore advisable to discharge oneself immediately on exiting the vehicle by

   touching the metal body of the car

Distinguish between conductors and insulators

Conductors are materials that allow electric charges to flow freely, while insulators are materials that resist the flow of electric charges.

State ONE useful application of static charge

Photocopying, electrostatic painting, and air filtration systems. Static electricity is harnessed to attract and remove particles effectively.