Carbohydrates

macromolecules

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

carbon

element that makes up organic molecules, has 4 valence electrons

atom

Basic unit of matter

CHNOPS

the most common elements in all life forms

monomer

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

polymer

made of monomers through the process of polymerization (covalent bonds are formed)

covalent bond

A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

intermolecular force

forces of attraction between molecules

hydrogen bond

Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom of a different molecule.

carbohydrate

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

monosaccharide

single sugar molecule

disaccharide

carbohydrates that are made of two monosaccharides bonded together

polysaccharide

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides bonded together by dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

when a water molecule is lost as a result of a bond between two monosaccharides

hydrolysis

A chemical process that splits a molecule by adding water.

starch

complex sugar stored by plants

glycogen

storage form of glucose in animals

cellulose

complex sugar stored in the cell walls of plants

chitin

complex sugar that makes up the exoskeleton of insects for protection

iodine test

a chemical test for starch in a solution by turning dark blue

benedict's test

This test is used to determine the presence of simple sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose) in a food item by changing color