cell parts

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, containing DNA and regulating cell activities.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis; translates mRNA into proteins.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell; generates energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Golgi Apparatus

Processes and packages proteins and lipids; involved in protein modification and transport.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis. There are two types: Rough ER (with ribosomes) and Smooth ER (without ribosomes).

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular waste and debris; important for recycling cellular materials.

Cell Wall

Provides structure and protection; made of cellulose in plants.

Chloroplast

Site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy in plants and algae.

Vacuole

Stores water, nutrients, and waste; helps maintain cell turgor pressure.