7.4 - 7.5 HEIMLER

What was the economic situation of the Allied countries after World War I?

They lost workforce and spent a lot on war.

What was the economic situation of Germany after World War I?

Germany had to pay reparations, incurred tons of debt, and financed its war costs with credit.

What caused German hyperinflation?

Germany printed tons of money to pay for debt, leading to hyperinflation and a devalued currency.

How did war debts impact countries after World War I?

Germans failed to pay reparations to Britain and France, which in turn could not pay the U.S., while the Soviets did not recognize their debts.

How were colonial economies impacted by the interwar period?

Colonial economies became dependent on their parent economies.

What was the Great Depression?

The Great Depression began with the 1929 Stock Market Crash in the U.S., plunging the world into economic turmoil.

What was John Maynard Keynes' idea about fixing economies?

He believed that suffering in the economy needed to be addressed by government stimulus.

What is deficit spending?

Deficit spending involves borrowing money to stimulate the economy, often referred to as 'priming the pump.'

What was the New Deal?

The New Deal involved deficit spending to create government jobs, such as building dams and roads.

What was Lenin's New Economic Plan?

Lenin's plan in 1921 rolled back communist policies, reintroduced private trade, and included elements of capitalism.

What were the 5 Year Plans under Joseph Stalin?

They aimed to industrialize Russia, involved collective agriculture, and resulted in mostly failures with some industrial successes.

How did the PRI help the Mexican economy?

The PRI nationalized the oil industry.

What is fascism?

Fascism is an authoritarian and nationalistic system of government that glorifies the military and emphasizes armed struggle.

What is corporatism?

Corporatism views each economic sector as an organ that can organize itself to serve the greater whole, leading to a totalitarian state in Italy.

How did Getulio Vargas lead Brazil?

Vargas, similar to Mussolini, promoted industrial growth while limiting freedoms and implementing the New State Program.

What changes did WWI cause?

Drop in population, redrawing of boundaries, imperialism continues.

What do the colonized people want in this era?

People want to be free.

Did the colonies get what was promised to them?

Only a few Eastern European nations got self-determination; winning side took losing sides' territories.

What was the Indian National Congress?

Formed in the late 19th century to formally complain against British rule; became powerful after WWI.

What was the Massacre of Amritsar?

A spark for further independence push; 400 dead and 1,000 wounded during protests against arrests.

Who was Gandhi?

Main independence leader who embodied the anticolonial movement.

What is civil disobedience?

Peaceful protest; Homespun Movement involved making own clothes to protest British textile production.

What was the issue with Hindus and Muslims in India?

Majority Hindu population feared Muslim voices would be lost; solution was a two-state solution (India & Pakistan).

Explain the background on the Japanese control of Korea.

Japan had been encroaching on Korea since the 1890s and dominated by 1910.

What two things happened that angered the Koreans?

Japan courted Europeans for more territory after the war; the Korean emperor died, possibly poisoned by the Japanese.

What was the March 1st Movement?

A series of demonstrations on 3/1/1919 where 2 million Koreans protested Japanese rule, brutally put down.

What was the May 4th Movement?

On 5/4/1919, China hoped to reclaim land by supporting Allies during WWI; led to the emergence of communists and nationalists.

Who was Mao Zedong?

Inspired by the communist revolution in Russia; wanted to incite a revolution in China.

Who was Sun Yat-sen?

Led the nationalist party; wanted China to be independent and industrialized.

Who was Chiang Kai-shek?

Took over for Sun Yat-sen; more conservative and attacked Mao in 1927, leading to the Chinese Civil War.

Who began independence movements in West Africa?

Educated elites who received European education.

Why did West Africans protest?

They knew about natural rights and European governments; workers struck to agitate for wages.