PSY 324 - Unit 11

What is true about Deductive Reasoning?

it is rigidly structured; if you accept the premises to be true, you must accept the conclusion

What is true about Inductive Reasoning?

if you accept the premises, the conclusion is reasonable or probable; science is inductive at its core

What is meant by Validity?

if the conclusion follows the premises; no concern for correctness

What is meant by Soundness?

an argument is sound if it is valid and if it’s correct

What is Modus Ponens?

affirming the antecedent; is valid

What is Modus Tollens?

denying the consequent; is valid

What is the structure of denying the consequent?

P —> Q, Not Q, therefore not P

What is the structure of affirming the antecedent?

P —> Q, P, therefore Q

What is the structure of Denying the Antecedent?

P —> Q, not P, therefore not Q

What is the structure of Affirming the Consequent?

P —> Q, Q, therefore P

What is meant by the Base-Rate Neglect Fallacy?

ignoring the overall likelihood of an event (the base rate), in favor of specific and irrelevant information