study guide #5

Agents of socialization

Have a significant impact on citizens political socialization

Sample

Within a population, the group of people surveyed in order to gauge the whole population’s opinion

Roles of the media

Agenda setting (determining what public policy questions will be debated/considered), entertainment, socialization into political culture, reporting the news and making a profit.

Population

Group of people a researcher/pollster wants to study

Medicaid

Joint state federal program providing medical care to the poor and disabled. Funded out of general government revenue

Mixed economies

The most common free market today. Main focus is on private firms and transactions, but a substantial role is also given to the government

Recidivism

Persons relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or under goes intervention for previous crime(s)

Spin

Interpretation of a politician’s words or action’s designed to prevent favorable image.

Spin doctor-advisor who tries to convince journalists of the truth of an event

Laissez faire economics

Holds that owners of business should be allowed to make their own production and distribution decisions without government REGULATION or CONTROL. Advocated by Adam smith.

Retribution

Retribution-response to a crime based upon punishment where society takes someone who has committed an offense and tries to match the punishment to the crime. An “eye for an eye”

Rehabilitation

Response to crime based upon trying to change criminals. “Making a bad person better”

In kinds benefit

Government benefit that’s cash equivalent. Ex.) foods stamps or rent vouchers. Ensures recipients use public ASSISTANCE IN A SPECIFIC WAY

Regressive Tax

“The less you earn the higher a percentage you pay”- sales tax

Progressive tax

“The more you earn the higher a percentage you pay”-income tax

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Statistic measuring all goods and services provided by a nations economy

Fiscal policy

Policy designed to improve the economy through spending and taxation

Monetary policy

Policy designed to improve the economy by controlling the supply of available $$$money

moral idealism

Philosophy viewing nations as normally willing to cooperate and agree on moral standards for conduct. “We should come together for peace”

Keynesian economics

Idea the government should spend more money and lower taxes during economic downturns to boost demand and help the economy recover. Fiscal policy originating from John Maynard Keynes

Diplomacy

Peaceful negotiation of economic and political relationships between diffrent counties

Political realism

Veiws each nation as acting principly in its own interest. “To maintain peace we must prepare for war”

Isolationism

Policy stating the country should deliberately avoiding a large role in world affairs and instead concentrate on domestic concerns

Executive agencies

Parts of government helping carry out laws and run specific tasks/services.

Foreign policy

How a country interacts with other countries. Includes decisions of diplomacy, trade, war and peace

Internationalism

Ideology emphasizing involving the country deeply in world affairs

Monroe doctrine delivered by who

Delivered by 5th president John Monroe in 1823.

3 principles of Monroe doctrine

European nations shouldn’t establish new colonies in the western hemisphere, shouldn’t intervene in affairs of independent nations of western hemisphere and the us shouldn’t interfere in the affairs of European nations

Detente

French word meaning relaxation of tensions. Characterizes US Soviet relations as they developed under president Nixon. (Easing of tensions and improved relations between countries especially during the Cold War between the use and Soviet Union

Multilateralism

Situation when nations act together in response to problems and crises.

Unilaterialism

Situation when one nation takes action against another state/states

Inflation

Increase in price of goods and services. Occurred when taxes are increased reducing demand

Truman doctrine

Policy adopted by harry Truman’s to halt communist expansion in south Eastern Europe. Clear message enacting containment policy

Positive government

Belief the government intervention is necessary in order to enhance personal liberty and security when people are buffeted by economic and social forces beyond their control. (Government proving services, protections and support to improve people’s lives)

Negative government

Free market is the best solution to economic problems and the government programs breed Independence. Encourages people to enter the work force. (Only steps in to protect basic rights and freedoms)

Demand side economics

Focuses on boosting the economy by increasing consumer spending. Ex.)Tax cuts for middle+lower classes

Supply side economics

Aims to grow the economy by helping businesses and the wealthy through tax cuts and less regulation, in hopes to lead to more jobs and production