Venous Anatomy and Hemodynamics (textbook)

Calf veno-motor pump

The upward pumping action on venous flow due to muscle contraction

Compliance

The ability of a blood vessel wall to expand and contract passively with changes in pressure

Plantarflexion

Foot movement in which the toes and foot flex toward the sole

Telangiectasias

Spider veins

Transmural pressure

The difference in pressure between the intramuscular pressure and the pressure exerted on the outside of the vessel wall.

Reticular veins

Dermal veins slightly larger than spider veins

F; arteries can, veins will collapse

T/F: veins can stay open without transmural pressure

IVC

Arises from the confluence of both Common Iliac Veins to the right atrium of the heart

Common Iliac Veins

Arises from the confluence of the internal and external iliac veins to the IVC

Internal Iliac Vein (hypogastric)

Drains the pelvic and buttock regions

External iliac vein

Arises from the inguinal ligament to the Common Iliac Vein, drains the leg

Common femoral vein

From the confluence of the deep femoral and femoral vein

Saphenofemoral junction

Where does the great Saphenous vein join the common femoral vein

Femoral vein

Main conduit of of blood out of the lower leg

Deep femoral vein (profounda)

Drains the thigh and lower pelvic regions

Popliteal vein

From anterior tibial vein confluence to the femoral vein at the adductor canal

• receives gastrocnemius veins, small Saphenous veins, and drains calf muscle veins

Anterior Tibial Veins

Drains anterior calf muscles and foot

Posterior tibial veins

Drain medial and posterior calf muscles and the foot

Peroneal veins

Drains medial and posterior calf muscles

Gastrocnemius veins

Lies in the gastrocnemius muscles and drains into popliteal vein

Soleal veins

Drains into posterior or peroneal veins, lies in deep soleal muscle

IVC, common iliac, internal iliac, external iliac, common fem, femoral, profounda, popliteal vein, anterior tib, posterior tib, peroneal

Veins of the deep venous system

Great Saphenous, small Saphenous, anterior accessory great Saphenous vein

Veins of the superficial venous system

Great Saphenous vein

Courses medically and enters the deep system at the common femoral vein

Saphenofemoral junction

Where does the great Saphenous vein join the common femoral vein

Great Saphenous Vein

Which vein appears as the “Egyptian eye” in the transverse plane

Perforating veins

Veins which course through the deep fascia between the superficial and deep systems

Superficial to deep

What is the normal direction of flow in the perforating veins

Hunterian and Dodd’s

Thigh perforators

Cockett’s

Ankle perforators

Sherman’s and Boyd’s

Knee perforators

Contractility of the heart, intraluminal blood pressure, peripheral resistance in the distal end of capillaries

Blood flow to the tissue in upper and lower extremities is governed by what 3 factors

Congestive heart failure

Pulsatile flow in the common femoral vein and Ipsilateral popliteal vein is consistent with

True

T or F: venous blood flow is affected by respiration

Increases, reduced

When a person inhales, the diaphragm moves and (increases/decreases) intrabdominal pressure, which causes (improved/reduced) venous outflow in the lower extremities

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Causes lower extremity edema, trophic skin changes, varicose veins.

Recurrent swelling of lower calf and ankle, chronic limb edema, spider veins, reticular veins, varicose veins

Symptoms of Venous Insufficiency

Popliteal vein

The gastrocnemius veins drain into what deep vein?

Stasis dermatitis

Which of the following does not contribute to chronic venous insufficiency?

A. Incompetent superficial valves

B. Chronic venous outflow obstruction

C. Dysfunctional Venmo-motor pump

D. Stasis dermatitis

Peroneal

Which paired veins lie closest to the fibula?

F: superficial to deep

T or F: Normal flow direction in the perforating veins is from deep to superficial

Cockett’s

What is the name of the perforating veins found in the medial side of the mid to lower calf

Increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Return blood flow from the legs decreases during inspiration due to what?

Congestive heart failure

Pulsatile flow in the bilateral popliteal veins may be a sign of what condition?

Hydrostatic pressure

What is the main impediment to blood return from the legs to the heart while sitting?

Small Saphenous to great Saphenous

The vein of Giacomini courses between what two segments

Soleal

What are the calf muscle veins that drain into to the posterior tibial or peroneal veins?

Anterior accessory great Saphenous vein

What is the tributary of the great Saphenous vein that drain the anterior-lateral aspect of the thigh

Venous claudication

A symptom of chronic venous insufficiency in which the patient experiences a burning sensation, “heaviness”, and pain in the legs during exercise is called