Northern Ireland & The Troubles

Which group were discriminated against in Northern Ireland?

Catholics

When did the N. Irish Civil Rights movement start to challenge discrimination, leading to rising tension?

1964

When were civil rights marches attacked by loyalists?

1968

When was the loyalist group Apprentice Boys' annual march in Derry attacked by nationalists in a Catholic area?

1969

When did Wilson's government send British army troops in an attempt to keep the peace?

August 1969

When was the Battle of the Bogside?

12-14 August 1969

When was the status of political prisoners changed to regular criminals?

1976

How many casualties resulted from the Battle of the Bogside?

over 1000; 7 deaths

When did Wilson announce the Northern Irish Constitution Convention?

1975

When was NICC dissolved?

1976

When did Republican prisoners begin the dirty protest?

1978

Which Ulster Unionist Party leader was backed by Heath and imposed internment?

Brian Faulkner

What percentage of those interned between 1971 and 1975 were Catholic?

95%

When was Bloody Sunday?

Jan. 1972

How many Irish were killed by the British Army at Bloody Sunday?

13 on the day, 1 later from injuries

When was the Sunningdale Conference?

Dec. 1973

How many Irish were shot by the British Army on Bloody Sunday?

26

How many explosions were there in 1972?

1,000+

Which year had the most casualties due to the Troubles?

1972

How many shooting incidents were there in 1972?

10,000+

How many people were killed in 1972 over the Troubles?

480

When did Heath suspend the Northern Irish parliament and replace it with direct rule from Westminster?

Mar. 1972

What was the Northern Ireland Parliament called?

Stormont

When did the Sunningdale Agreement collapse?

May 1974

Which party won the 1975 election and were opposed to power sharing?

UUP

Who did Heath appoint as Secretary of State for Northern Ireland?

Willie Whitelaw

When was the Sunningdale Agreement?

1973

What type of government was agreed upon in the Sunningdale Agreement?

power-sharing

Which party was decided to have government leadership from the Sunningdale Agreement?

UUP

Which parties supported the government from the Sunningdale Agreement?

SDLP and the Alliance

Which parties opposed the Sunningdale Agreement?

UVF and UDA

When did the UUP vote to pull out of the Sunningdale Agreement?

Jan. 1974

Republican/Nationalist

• Religion

• Key parties

• Key armies/paramilitaries

• Aim for Northern Ireland

• Key figure

1. Catholic

2. SDLP, Sinn Fein

3. IRA, INLA

4. Join Republic of Ireland

5. John Hume

Loyalist/Unionist

• Religion

• Key parties

• Key armies/paramilitaries

• Aim for Northern Ireland

• Key figure

1. Protestant

2. UUP, DUP, Alliance

3. UVF, UDA

4. Stay in the UK

5. Ian Paisley

The president of which Irish party realised the benefit of the ballot and became focused on winning parliamentary seats following the 1980-1 hunger strikes?

Gerry Adams — Sinn Fein

When were the hunger strikes for the campaign to grant Special Category Status for IRA prisoners?

1980-1

When was the Brighton Bombing?

1984

Which group took responsibility for the Brighton Bombing?

IRA

When was the Anglo-Irish Agreement?

1985

Which side opposed the Anglo-Irish Agreement?

republicans

What did the Anglo-Irish Agreement introduce?

permanent intergovernmental cooperation between UK and Republic of Ireland in Northern Ireland

When was the Ulster Resistance formed?

1986

When were 3 IRA members killed by SAS in Gibraltar?

1988

2 examples of miscarriages of justice in Britain against Northern Irish

• Guildford Four

• Birmingham Six

When did the government start receiving secret messages saying Sinn Fein was ready for peace discussions?

1993

With which Northern Irish Prime Minister did Major have a good relationship?

Albert Reynolds

When did Major and the Northern Irish Parliament announce the Downing Street Declaration?

1993

When did the IRA announce a ceasefire, which Unionist paramilitaries then followed?

1994

What had been going on on-and-off behind the scenes since 1996?

negotiation talks involving all different major N.I. parties

Who (and of which party) persuaded Sinn Féin’s Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness of the possibility for a negotiated settlement?

SDLP’s John Hume

Trusted by both sides, who was the chairman of the Good Friday talks?

George Mitchell, Clinton’s special envoy for Northern Ireland

With whom did Blair develop a close relationship?

N.I. Prime Minister (Taoiseach) Bertie Ahern

Who was the Labour secretary of Northern Ireland?

Mo Mowlam?

What did Mo Mowlam do to contribute to the Good Friday peace?

visited paramilitaries in Maze prison to convince them

When was the Good Friday Agreement settled? What was the original deadline set by its chairman?

10 April 1998, missed initial 9 April deadline

Who walked out of negotiations in protest of the lack of progress in ensuring the IRA would decommission its arms?

UUP negotiator Jeffrey Donaldson

What were the results of the 22 May 1998 referendum?

• 71% voted in support in Northern Ireland

• 94% voted in support in the Republic of Ireland

When were the devolved institutions of the Good Friday Agreement suspended?

2002

When was the St. Andrews Agreement?

2006

What did the St. Andrews Agreement do?

reiterate key elements of GFA

Who feared backlash from which side for “selling out”?

Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness, Republicans

When was the Omagh bombing?

1998

How many people were killed by the Omagh bombing?

30

What group carried out the Omagh bombing?

dissident Continuity IRA

Which side became disillusioned with some parts of the agreement?

unionists

Which party overtook the UUP as the main unionist party in Northern Ireland?

DUP

What parts of the GFA saw various disagreements (3)?

• whether paramilitaries were really decommissioning arms

• early release of convicted terrorists

• right of Protestant Orange Order to march traditional routes

Who was the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland during the beginning of the Troubles?

Terrence O’Neill

When was Mary Gould killed accidentally?

1966

What denomination was Mary Gould?

Protestant

Who was responsible for killing Mary Gould?

UVF

How many NICRA members defied a ban to march through Derry in October 1968 to be intentionally provocative?

400

What was Westminster’s response to O’Neill when he visited in 1968?

sort out the problems in Northern Ireland

What did O’Neill announce upon his return from Westminster in an attempt to clam down Catholics, which ended up working in Paisley’s favour as it angered Protestants?

five-point plan

When did People’s Democracy march through Derry, despite O’Neill’s televised pleas and the police’s warnings?

1969

When did O’Neill call for a general election which he won in a bitter fight?

1969

When was the bombing campaign in Belfast which left much of the city without water and was the final blow to O’Neill’s premiership?

1969

Who was responsible for bombing campaign in Belfast?

UVF

Who did Ian Paisley say was responsible for the bombing campaign in Belfast?

IRA

When did O’Neill resign as Prime Minister?

April 1969