Cytoplasm & Organelles: The Cellular Level of Organization

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the cytoplasm, organelles, energy production, and the biochemical processes involved in cellular respiration.

What is the composition of cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is composed of cytosol and organelles.

What are the roles of organelles?

Organelles have specific jobs or functions within the cell.

What is the key function of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are responsible for energy production in cells.

What is the 'energy currency' of the cell produced by mitochondria?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency produced by mitochondria.

Describe the difference between endergonic and exergonic reactions.

Endergonic reactions require energy input, while exergonic reactions release energy.

What happens during glycolysis?

Glycolysis splits glucose and generates a net of 2 ATP and 2 pyruvic acid molecules.

What is the fate of pyruvate in aerobic respiration?

In aerobic respiration, pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA.

List the main products of the citric acid cycle per acetyl-CoA molecule.

The citric acid cycle produces 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 ATP per acetyl-CoA.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in cells.

What are lysosomes and their function?

Lysosomes are digestive organelles that break down unwanted materials and recycle cellular components.