The Genetic Code and Translation

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the genetic code and translation as discussed in the lecture.

Untranslated region of mRNA after the stop codon, which is not translated.

3’ UTR

Untranslated region of mRNA between the 5’ end and the start codon, which is not translated.

5’ UTR

The end of a polypeptide chain where the first amino acid is located, corresponding to the 5’ end of the mRNA.

Amino terminus

The end of a polypeptide chain where the last amino acid is located, corresponding to the 3’ end of the mRNA.

Carboxyl terminus

The sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with the corresponding codon in mRNA.

Anticodon

The genetic code where multiple codons can encode the same amino acid.

Degenerate genetic code

A ribosomal binding site in bacterial mRNA that helps position the ribosome to start translation.

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Proteins that assist in the assembly of the ribosome and the initiation of translation.

Initiation factor

A consensus sequence surrounding the start codon in eukaryotic mRNA that enhances the translation initiation.

Kozak sequence

The bond formed between amino acids during the process of protein synthesis.

Peptide bond

Molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them with the corresponding codons in mRNA.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Complex of RNA and proteins that synthesizes proteins by translating codons in mRNA.

Ribosome

The portion of the mRNA that is translated into protein, starting from the start codon and ending at a stop codon.

Open reading frame