Biomechanical Principles in Movement Skills

These flashcards cover the key concepts and definitions from the lecture on biomechanical principles and their application to movement skills.

What is angular momentum?

The quantity of rotation of a body around an axis; calculated as angular momentum = moment of inertia x angular velocity.

What is the formula for moment of inertia (MOI)?

MOI = mass x radius²; it measures an object's reluctance to rotate.

What does angular velocity describe?

How quickly an object rotates around an axis.

What is linear motion?

Movement where all body parts move in the same direction and speed, which can be rectilinear or curvilinear.

What is angular motion?

Movement where an object/body part rotates around a fixed axis.

What is projectile motion?

Movement of an object launched in the air, influenced by forces such as gravity and air resistance.

What is momentum and its formula?

Momentum (p) is the quantity of motion an object has, calculated as momentum = mass x velocity.

How can velocity affect momentum?

Increasing velocity increases momentum, and decreasing velocity decreases momentum.

How does mass influence momentum?

Increasing mass increases momentum, and decreasing mass decreases momentum.

What is the summation of momentum (SOM)?

Correct timing/sequencing of body segments through the range of motion to maximize force and momentum production.

What is the principle of using multiple body parts in movement?

Using many body parts in a coordinated sequence increases momentum.

Why is it important to initiate movement with large muscle groups?

Large muscle groups, like the quads and glutes, can produce greater force and thereby more momentum.

What is follow-through in movement skills?

Follow-through prevents negative acceleration, allowing maximum velocity and momentum to be achieved.

What does the conservation of momentum mean?

In a collision, the total momentum of all objects involved is conserved, regardless of changes to individual momenta.

What is impulse?

Impulse is the change in momentum, calculated as impulse = force x time.

How can one increase impulse and momentum?

By increasing the amount of force applied and/or the time force is applied.

What role does torque play in movement?

Torque is the turning effect of a force that causes angular motion, calculated as torque = moment arm x force applied.

What is moment of inertia influenced by?

Moment of inertia is influenced by mass and the distribution of mass relative to the axis of rotation.

How do angular distance and displacement differ?

Angular distance is the total angular change, while angular displacement measures the change in position.

What is angular speed?

Angular speed indicates how quickly something spins without considering direction.

What is conservation of angular momentum?

In a rotating object in air, the total amount of angular momentum is conserved, though MOI and angular velocity can change.

What happens to angular velocity when MOI decreases?

When moment of inertia decreases, angular velocity increases, leading to increased angular momentum.

How does momentum transfer work during impacts?

When objects collide, momentum is transferred, affecting their motion, as seen in sports like golf.

What factors influence the success of a tennis serve?

Factors include angular momentum and the timing/sequencing of body parts during the serve.

What is the significance of applying force over time in sports?

Applying force over a longer time can increase impulse, enhancing momentum and aiding in performance.

How do basketball players utilize force and momentum?

To catch a basketball, they need to apply sufficient force to overcome the ball's momentum.

What can change the moment of inertia besides mass?

Changing how the mass is distributed relative to its axis of rotation can also alter moment of inertia.