Mid-Tudor Crisis

1504

Year John Dudley (later Duke of Northumberland) was born.

1505

Year Sir William Paget was born.

1552

Year Sir Michael Stanhope died; also the year Edward attended council meetings regularly and assumed more influence.

October 1549

John Dudley overthrew Somerset; became Lord President of the Council.

1551

John Dudley became Duke of Northumberland.

February 1553

Edward VI taken ill unexpectedly.

6 July 1553

Death of Edward VI.

9 July 1553

Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen.

June 1553

Edward VI’s Devyse produced; Mary and Elizabeth declared illegitimate.

1540

William Paget appointed clerk to the privy council.

1543

Paget became one of Henry VIII’s two principal secretaries.

August 1549

Somerset lost grip on power; Edward retreated to Windsor Castle.

1550-1553

Period when Edward began to take a more significant role in government.

August 1551

Edward attended Privy Council meetings.

November 1552

Edward attended Privy Council meetings regularly and set agendas.

Spring 1552

Council announced Edward would reach majority at 16 rather than 18.

1547

Archbishop Cranmer’s homily on obedience to be read in parish churches; Somerset inherited foreign policy from Henry VIII.

September 1547

Battle of Pinkie – Somerset defeated the Scots.

August 1548

Mary was taken to France to marry the dauphin – the heir to the French throne

June 1549

Somerset ratified the Anglo-Imperial Treaty of 1544.

£133,333

French payment for the return of Boulogne

1547

Year Edward VI became king; radical religious changes and iconoclasm began.

Roughly 20%

Approximate proportion of Londoners who were Protestant by 1547.

February 1547

Denunciation of images in London under Somerset’s government.

July 1547

Injunctions issued attacking popular Catholic practices.

December 1547

Dissolution of chantries and religious guilds; crown seized property.

1548

Poor harvest reinforced inflationary pressures.

May 1549

Introduction of the Book of Common Prayer under Somerset.

1549

Somerset introduced a sheep tax to deter enclosure; also year of major rebellions (Western and South-West).

66%

Percentage of people leaving money to parish churches in Lincolnshire and Huntingdonshire in 1545.

10%

Percentage leaving money to parish churches in 1552.

1550

Hooper commented that pace of reform was hampered by public opinion.

January 1553

Start of crown confiscation of church plate.

june 1553

Cranmer’s Forty-Two Articles of Religion official doctrine (never implemented).

1552

Year of the more radical Book of Common Prayer under Northumberland.

8 July

Start of Kett’s rebellion – tearing down hedges near Wymondham.

9 July

Protestors begin marching towards Norwich during Kett’s rebellion.

21 July

Rebels begin firing on Norwich.

22 July

Norwich captured by Kett’s rebels.

1 August

Failure of John Dudley to recapture Norwich.

27 August

Final defeat of Kett’s rebellion; Kett executed.

4 August

Rebels defeated at Clyst Heath in Western Rebellion.

£537,000

amount raised by somersets’ debasement

£133,333

french paid for return of Boulogne

1559–1563

Period covering early years of Elizabeth’s reign and impact on economy

1514

Year the wage schedule enforced in York and Hull by the Council of the North applied.

113

Number of labourers charged with unlawfully high wages in York and Hull.

1563

Year Statute of Artificers enacted to regulate labour and apprenticeships.

Seven

Number of years required for apprenticeships under the Statute of Artificers.

1552

Year of an even earlier act passed to address poor relief.

1555

Year of an earlier act passed to address poor relief.

1563

Year of an ineffective act on poor relief passed under Elizabeth.

1570s

Decade when parliamentary legislation on poor relief became effective.

Bethlem Hospital

Only hospital for mental health in London; treated small number of patients.

1562

Year John Jewel published An Apology of the Church of England.

1563

Year Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion published.

Mid-1550s

Period of harvest failures causing food shortages

Mid-1590s

Another period of harvest failures mentioned as historical comparison.

1553

Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen; Mary’s popular support quickly appeared.

19 July 1553

Date Mary proclaimed queen.

50

Approximate number of councillors Mary appointed during her reign (mostly honorary).

80

Approximate number of MPs who opposed reversal of Edwardian religious legislation.

1554

Year Mary married Philip of Spain; Edward Courtenay considered as English candidate.

37

Mary’s age at the time of her marriage to Philip.

Jan 1554

Wyatt’s Rebellion occurred; marriage treaty with Philip drawn up.

2

Months Elizabeth spent in the Tower of London after Wyatt’s Rebellion.

6 November 1558

Date Mary formally named Elizabeth as her successor.

17 November 1558

Date of Mary I’s death.

May 1555

Election of Pope Paul IV (anti-Spanish).

April 1557

Scarborough raid; England declared war on France.

January 1558

England lost Calais.

6

Number of new ships built during Mary’s naval reforms.

1544

Year of Henry VIII’s succession act restored by Mary.

1555

Year seizure of property of Protestant exiles bill defeated.

1521

Year Thomas Stafford’s grandfather (Duke of Buckingham) executed

25

Age of Elizabeth I when she acceded to the throne.

1558

Year Elizabeth acceded to the throne following Mary’s death.

December 1558

Date the Spanish ambassador Count of Feria remarked Elizabeth was more feared than her sister.

1559

Year Elizabeth told Parliament she would rule “as my father held you in.”

17 November 1558

Date of Mary I’s death and Elizabeth’s accession.

16

Number of miles Sir William Cecil rode to Hatfield to inform Elizabeth of Mary’s death.

17 November

Morning when Nicholas Heath announced Mary’s death and proclaimed Elizabeth’s succession.

9

Number of Mary’s councillors who rode to Hatfield within days to assure Elizabeth of loyalty.

40

Number of years Elizabeth’s political partnership with William Cecil lasted.

15 January 1559

Date of Elizabeth’s coronation

1559

Year of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement (Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity).

1563

Year Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion introduced (not part of original 1559 settlement).

1559

Year Act of Supremacy passed

2000

Approximate number of parish clergymen deprived for refusing the Oath of Supremacy (¼ of total).

1559

Year of Act of Uniformity used as moderate Protestant model for settlement.

1552

Year of Cranmer’s more Protestant second Prayer Book.

1559

Year Act of Uniformity passed establishing use of single Book of Common Prayer.

1549 and 1552

Years whose Prayer Book wordings were both allowed in Elizabeth’s 1559 Book.

Second year of Edward VI’s reign

Date referred to for “ornaments” clause in Act of Uniformity (issue of contention).

1536

1538

1547

Year Royal Injunctions required copies of Erasmus’s Paraphrases (reaffirmed in 1559).

1559

Year Royal Injunctions issued under Elizabeth.

3

Number of votes by which the Uniformity Bill passed in the House of Lords.

1558–1564

Period covered for England’s foreign relations in early Elizabethan reign.

April 1559

Date of the Treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis ending war with France.