Monohybrid cross

Gregor Mendel

The Father of Genetics, known for his experiments with pea plants, which led to the foundation of Mendelian genetics.

Alleles

Different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Dominant Trait

A trait that is expressed if at least one dominant allele is present.

Recessive Trait

A trait that is expressed only when two copies of the recessive allele are present.

Phenotype

The observable physical characteristics of an organism.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles.

Homozygous

An organism with two identical alleles for a character.

Heterozygous

An organism with two different alleles for a character.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross between individuals that differ in only one character.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the combinations of alleles from the parents.

Locus

The specific physical location of a gene on a chromosome.

Segregation

The separation of alleles during gamete formation.

F1 Generation

The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross.

F2 Generation

The second generation of offspring, produced by crossing individuals from the F1 generation.

3:1 Ratio

The typical phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross when one trait is dominant over the other.

Mendel’s Principle of Dominance

In a heterozygote, one allele may mask the presence of another.

Mendel’s Principle of Segregation

During gamete formation, the two alleles for each character segregate independently.

P Generation

The parental generation that is used in the first cross.

Anthocyanin

A pigment responsible for the purple color of flowers, produced by the functional enzyme encoded by the dominant allele.

Mutant Allele

An allele that encodes a non-functional product, often associated with a recessive trait.

Self-fertilization

The process by which a pea plant fertilizes its own ovules with its own sperm.