Tourism 1.3

Exploration Stage (Jaco Island Timor Leste)

Minimal contributions to the economy, irregular visits, lack of tourism facilities, natural environment, cultural and heritage values.

→ For example, (HUSH) In Jaco Island at Timor Leste, there are few international visitors that visit the island due to its inaccessible location and lack of tourism facilities which bring inconvenience to tourists. However, it houses the only national park in the country that has attractive beaches,

Involvement Stage (Kuang Si Waterfalls)

Increased contributions to the economy, non-peak and peak seasons, more advertisement, rise in facilities and transport, goods and services provided by locals.

For example, (GUEST) Kuang Si Waterfalls: The government/authorities in the region have invested money into Kuang Si Waterfalls in order to upgrade their facilities. There was an increase in the number of travel agencies and transport providers, which helped to enhance the location’s accessibility, allowing people in the city to easily get to the waterfall. There was also an increase in the number of tourists visiting the area.

Development Stage ( Phu Quoc Islands)

Heavily advertised, increased tourist arrivals, significant employment in tourism sector, attraction development, large and small businesses involvement.

→ For example, the Phu Quoc Island in Vietnam. The government had invested money into building an international seaport and airport in the area which attracted large businesses within the tourism industry which caused the tourism sector to employ a significant number of the population. In 2019, tourism arrivals increased up to 5.1 million arrivals that year.

Consolidation Stage (Goa in India)

Slowdown in tourist arrivals, outnumbering local population, dominance in local economy, multinational companies ownership, significant employment.

→ For example, (COAST) Goa in India, where in 2019, the local population began to be outnumbered by the number of tourists in the country. The tourism sector employs a significant amount of the population. Companies such as Marriot International own hotels such as Westin Goa and W Goa.

Stagnation Stage (Waikiki, USA Hawaii.)

Peaked tourist arrivals, exceeding carrying capacity, old and rundown areas, decreased attractiveness.

→ For example, (CROWD) Tourist arrivals in Waikiki began to decline from 1990s to the 2000s. It is a major tourist destination which had become overcrowded and the facilities and attractions become old and run down and were in need of renovations in order to continue functioning.

Decline (Blackpool 1990s)

Decline in tourist arrivals, economic contributions decrease, facility maintenance deteriorates, leading to lesser tourists.

For example, in the 1990s, Blackpool was a famous coastal tourist destination which attracted many people. However, it started to decline in tourist arrivals as many other European countries started offering more competitive prices. With fewer tourists, many inns had to shut down due to the lack of visitors.

Rejuvenation (Blackpool, Currently.)

Revival of destination, new investments for facility upgrades, rebranding for attracting more tourists.

→ For example, Blackpool in the 2000s, the authorities engaged the private sector to invest $300 million into rebranding and renovating Blackpool to become a world-class leisure development, aiming to attract at least 600 000 tourists annually. They rebranded themselves as a Muslim-friendly and Disabled-Friendly attraction and location.