Decolonization

Colony

Land controlled by another country.

The European country of Spain controlled colonies in South America.

Colonists are people who live in a colony.

Economic

Having to do with money. Having to do with how people make and spend money.

Political

Having do do with government

Social

Having to do with culture and how people are organized in society

Revolution

A big change. Revolutions are sometimes wars

Independence

Freedom from rule by another country or an unfair king

Nationalism

Pride and loyalty in your country

Taxation

Taxes. Money that people have to pay the government

Inequality

When things are not equal

Social inequality is when different groups in society do not have equal opportunities

Social class

A group in society based on things like how much money you have, how powerful your family is, what your job is...etc.

Apartheid

A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites. THINK: APART. Apartheid kept black and white South Africans APART.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country. The idea that black South Africans should be ruled by people with the same background, not by white people.

Segregation

separation of the races

African National Congress (ANC)

South African political party opposing apartheid

Boycott

A refusal to buy or use goods and services.

Bishop Desmond Tutu

Bishop (religious leader) who led non-violent protests against apartheid in South Africa; Won the Nobel Prize for it.

Pass Laws Act (1952)

-"Passbooks" would be required to be carried at all times

-Not having your passbook was a crime

-Passbooks were used by the white government to harass and criminalize blacks

F.W. de Klerk

Elected as the last white South African president in 1989. He legalized the ANC and also released Nelson Mandela from prison. This started a new era in South Africa and ended apartheid

Sharpsville Massacre

A peaceful protest by the ANC in 1960 against carrying passbooks and the police open fired on the crowd killing many and injuring 186; Afterwards the ANC became violent; In South Africa

South Africa

Country that lies at the southern tip of Africa. During Apartheid, South Africa was ruled by a white minority. The black majority was discriminated against.

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country. When people want to be controlled by their own people, not another country. Nationalism can bring people together OR divide people. It can be positive or negative.

De-colonization

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence. European powers experienced the disintegration of their colonial empires after WWII

partition

divide into parts

Partition of India

India was separated into 2 countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus

independent

free from outside control; not depending on another's authority. India became independent from Great Britain in 1947. This means they were no longer controlled by Great Britain

Hindu

a follower of the religion of Hinduism. Many people in India are Hindus

Muslim

A follower of the religion of Islam. Many people in India were Muslim, but after India became independent from Great Britain, the country of Pakistan was created for Muslims

Pakistan

After Gandhi received freedom for the Indians, Muslims moved away from the Hindu people in India and started their own country called Pakistan

Gandhi, Mohandas K.

"Mahatma" (Great Soul), Gandhi (1869-1948) was the leader of Indian nationalism and the fight for India to gain independence from Great Britain

Salt March (1930)

passive resistance campaign of Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.

Boycott

A group's refusal to have commercial dealings with some organization in protest against its policies

Civil Disobedience

A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

Non-violent protest

This strategy was promoted by Martin Luther King Jr., Ghandi, and many others instead of more aggressive tactics.