Y25_Tiếng anh_Chapter 5: The reproductive system

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79 Terms

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Reproductive system

(n): Hệ sinh sản

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Genital system

(n): Hệ sinh dục

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Sexual reproduction

(n): Sinh sản hữu tính

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Differentiated species
→ Species [Singular] → Species [Plural]

(n): Loài có sự phân hóa giới tính

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Offspring

(n): Con cái, thế hệ sau

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Fertility

(n): Khả năng sinh sản

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Infertility

(n): Không có khả năng sinh sản (Vô sinh)

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Ovum

(n): Trứng (để kết hợp với tinh trùng tạo hợp tử)

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Testis [Formal/Medical term] = Testicle [Informal/Daily use]

Testis [Singular] → Testes [Plural]

2 synonyms

(n): The male gland that produces sperm and testosterone. → Tinh hoàn

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Scrotum

(n): The pouch of skin that holds and protects the testes outside the body as well as regulate the temperature of the testes. → Bìu

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<p>Epididymis</p>

Epididymis

(n): A long, coiled tube on the testis where sperm mature and are stored.

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<p>Vas deferens </p>

Vas deferens

(n): Ống dẫn tinh

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<p>Seminal vesicle</p>

Seminal vesicle

(n): A gland that produces a fluid rich in sugar to nourish sperm. → Túi tinh

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<p>Prostate gland</p>

Prostate gland

(n): A gland below the bladder that produces an alkaline fluid for semen. → Tuyến tiền liệt

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<p>Bladder</p>

Bladder

(n): Bàng quang

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<p>Cowper’s gland (Bulbourethral gland) </p>

Cowper’s gland (Bulbourethral gland)

(n): A small gland that secretes mucus (dịch nhày) to neutralize the urethra’s acidity. → Tuyến hành niệu đạo

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<p>Urethra</p>

Urethra

(n): The tube that carries urine and semen out of the body through the penis. → Niệu đạo

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Ejaculation

(n): Sự xuất tinh

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Semen

(n): Tinh dịch

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<p>Spermatocyte</p>

Spermatocyte

(n): Tinh bào

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<p>Spermatid<br>→&nbsp;Spermatids transform into sperm in the epididymis.</p>

Spermatid
→ Spermatids transform into sperm in the epididymis.

(n): Tinh tử

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<p>Seminiferous tubule</p>

Seminiferous tubule

(n): Tiny tubes in the testes where sperm are produced.

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Sperm [Singular] → Sperm/ Sperms [Plural]

Sperm [Plural]: Tinh trùng nói chung, không phải đếm từng con, dùng trong đa số bối cảnh.
Sperms: Phải đếm từng con, ít dùng hơn.

Write the plural forms of “sperm” and distinguish them.

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Meiosis

(n): Giảm phân

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Lumen
Ex: Sperm are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubule.

(n): The central cavity or space inside a tubular structure. → Lòng ống

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Erection

(n): Sự cương cứng

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Seminal fluid

(n): The liquid part of semen produced by accessory glands.

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Benign prostatic hypertrophy

(n): A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland that causes urinary problems. → Phì đại lành tính tuyến tiền liệt

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Transurethral resection

(n): A surgical procedure to remove part of the prostate through the urethra.

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Erectile dysfunction = Impotence

2 synonyms

(n): Rối loạn cương dương (liệt dương).

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Gonorrhea

(n): Bệnh lậu

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Sexually transmitted disease (STD)

(n): Bệnh lây qua đường tình dục

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Abstinence

(n): The act of avoiding sexual intercourse. → Kiên quan hệ tình dục

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<p>Oocyte</p>

Oocyte

(n): Noãn bào

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<p>Ovary: The female organ that produces eggs and hormones. → Buồng trứng</p><p>Fallopian tube =&nbsp;Uterine tube =&nbsp;Salpinx: Ống dẫn trứng.</p><p>Uterus = Womb: Tử cung</p><p>Cervix: Cổ tử cung</p><p>Fundus: Đáy tử cung</p><p>Uterine wall: Thành tử cung</p><p>Endometrium:&nbsp;The inner lining of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants. → Nội mạc tử cung</p><p>Vagina: Âm đạo</p>

Ovary: The female organ that produces eggs and hormones. → Buồng trứng

Fallopian tube = Uterine tube = Salpinx: Ống dẫn trứng.

Uterus = Womb: Tử cung

Cervix: Cổ tử cung

Fundus: Đáy tử cung

Uterine wall: Thành tử cung

Endometrium: The inner lining of the uterus where a fertilized egg implants. → Nội mạc tử cung

Vagina: Âm đạo

Describe structures of female getinal organs.

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<p>Placenta</p>

Placenta

(n): Nhau thai

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Lactation

(n): Sự tiết sữa

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Mammary gland

(n): Tuyến sữa

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Gonad

(n): A reproductive gland that produces gametes and hormones (testes or ovaries). → Tuyến sinh dục

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Clitoris

(n): Âm vật → contains many nerve endings and is highly sensitive.

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Vulva

(n): Âm hộ

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Vagina: Âm đạo → Used to refer to internal organs including uterus, cervix,…

Vulva: Âm hộ → Used to refer to external parts that you can see when looking at female genital organs.

Clitoris: Âm vật → A small sensitive organ in the female genital area, mainly used to create pleasure.

Distinguish “vagina”, “vulva” and “clitoris”.

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Menses

(n): Máu kinh

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Menarche

(n): The first menstrual period in a female.

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Menstrual cycle

(n): Chu kì kinh nguyệt

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Ovulation

(n): Rụng trứng

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Ischemia

(n): An inadequate blood supply to an organ or tissue. → Thiếu máu cục bộ

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Amenorrhea

(n): The absence of menstruation, either temporarily or permanently.

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Dysmenorrhea

(n): Đau bụng kinh

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Menorrhagia

(n): Abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. → vẫn theo kỳ

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Metrorrhagia

(n): Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods. → Chảy máu tử cung bất thường, không theo kỳ.

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Oligomenorrhea >< Polymenorrhea

(n): Kinh thưa, đến ít >< Kinh dày, đến nhiều

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Hypomenorrhea

(n): Chảy máu kinh ít

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Endometrial ablation

(n): A surgical procedure that destroys the lining of the uterus to reduce bleeding.

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Hypothalamic dysfunction

(n): A problem in the hypothalamus affecting hormone release. → Rối loạn chức năng vùng dưới đồi.

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Pituitary disorder

(n): Rối loạn tuyến yên

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Spermatozoon [Singular] → Spermatozoa [Plural]

(n): A mature male reproductive cell that can fertilize an ovum.

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<p>Zygote: Hợp tử</p><p>Cleavage: Sự phân cắt tế bào ở giai đoạn sớm</p><p>Morula: Phôi dâu</p><p>Blastocyst: Phôi nang</p><p>Embryo: Phôi (nói chung) → Conceptus: Embryo + embryonic membrane. </p>

Zygote: Hợp tử

Cleavage: Sự phân cắt tế bào ở giai đoạn sớm

Morula: Phôi dâu

Blastocyst: Phôi nang

Embryo: Phôi (nói chung) → Conceptus: Embryo + embryonic membrane.

Describe development of gestation.

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Fetus → Fetal (adj)

(n): Thai nhi

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Gestation

(n): Thời kỳ mang thai

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Conception

(n): Sự thụ thai 

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<p>Implantation</p>

Implantation

(n): sự làm tổ

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<p>Amnion: Màng ối (trong cùng)</p><p>Chronion: Màng đệm (ngoài cùng)</p>

Amnion: Màng ối (trong cùng)

Chronion: Màng đệm (ngoài cùng)

Màng đệm và màng ối?

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Fetal viability

(n): Khả năng sống sót của thai nhi

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Neonatal jaundice

(n): Vàng da sơ sinh

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<p>Ectopic pregnancy</p>

Ectopic pregnancy

(n): Thai ngoài tử cung

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Laparoscopy

(n): Nội soi ổ bụng

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Laparotomy

(n): A surgical procedure may be required for a ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

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Rupture
Ex: A ruptured fallopian tube is a medical emergency.

(n/v): The breaking or tearing of a tissue or organ.

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Hemorrhage

(n/v): Excessive or uncontrolled bleeding, internal or external.

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General anesthesia

(n): Gây mê toàn thân

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<p>Ovarian torsion </p>

Ovarian torsion

(n): Xoắn buồng trứng

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Spontaneous abortion [Medical term] = Miscarriage

2 synonyms

(n): Sảy thai tự nhiên

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Preeclampsia → eclampsia: Sản giật

(n): A pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage. → Tiền sản giật

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Complication(s)

(n) - [Count]: (Các) biến chứng

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Hypertension

(n): Tăng huyết áp

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Proteinuria

(n): The presence of excess protein in the urine, often a sign of kidney damage.

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Postpartum hemorrhage

(n): Excessive bleeding following childbirth.

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Surrogacy

(n): Mang thai hộ