The Protestant Reformation Q1 - Review

Roman Catholic Church

Roman Catholic Church

very powerful institution; control education; own lots of land; administer sacraments; set behavioral standards; collected taxes

corrupted clergy

Cause of reformation?

tax

What does the monarchs do to try to eliminate church interference in politics (no ‘s’)

social, religious

The changing economy and uncertain times led society to begin to embrace the idea of ___ and ___ reform. (comma)

question

What does humanist cause people to do with traditional methods?

worldly affairs

What has the church got into ? politics, money, and power

indulgence

Church increase fees for services; sold ____ or pardon for sins committed

Leo X

son of Lorenzo; elected pope “God has given us the papacy—let us enjoy it.”; popes spend lots of money on pretty Churches

John Wycliffe

Early reformers; question if it was true that only heaven can be passed in a Church; Stress individual relationship with God; said the clergy should also live a simple life

Jan Hus

follower of Wycliffe; Christians should be allow to read Bible in their language; rejected indulgence

Martin Luther

German monk and theologian who was the catalyst of the Protestant Reformation; trained to be a lawyer and wanted to reform the Church

95 Theses

challenged indulgence; led to Luther’s excommunication; reason that Church teaching have no Biblical bases and Christians could only be saved through faith; book by Martin Luther

Lutheranism

with Luther’s idea and reformation, it created this Protestant sect ____; salvation is gained by seeking true repentance for their sins

Johann Tetzel

German priest; sold indulgence for the rebuilding of the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome; Luther nailed his 95 Theses to his door

Charles V

new Holy Roman emperor; summoned Luther to the Diet of Worms- Luther refused to change his views —> declared Luther as an outlaw; Argued that the Church can only be reformed by secular authorities

diet

an assembly

Salvation

Luther’s teachings; _____ could be achieved through faith alone

Principle of Sola Scriptura

Luther’s teachings; Bible is the only source of religious truth

Christian, faith, Bible

Luther’s teachings; All _____, clergy or not, have equal access to God through ____ and the _____

Reading, studying

Luther’s teachings; ____ and ____ the bible for themselves

Baptism, Eucharist

Luther’s teachings; Only 2 sacraments; ____ and _____

Simplified

Luther’s teachings; ______ mass, no elaborate rituals

marry

Luther’s teachings; Clergy can ____

Printing press

What help spread Luther’s idea?

new, social upheaval, violence

Luther's teachings lead to the:  

1. establishment of a __ church

2.  sparked a period of ____ _____ 

3. _______ as people fought over religious beliefs

The Elder

woodcut by Lucas Cranach; expressed of differences between Protestantism and Catholicism

The Peasants’ Revolt

Many peasants supported Luther’s call for reform and hoped to gain his support for social and economic change.

_____ revolt Germany demanding:

A. an end to serfdom

B. Reforms to ease their harsh lives

Result: the brutal rebellion left as many as 100,000 people killed and leaving thousands more homeless

The Peace of Augsburg

Charles V failed to reform Lutherans to Catholic; the treaty allow princes to decide which religion to be followed in his land;

Most northern German states-  Lutheranism

The southern German states -  Catholic

John Calvin

French theologian; influenced by Erasmus; Calvinism

Salvation, Bible

Calvinsim’s teachings; _____ was gained through faith alone; The ____ as the only source of religious truth

all-powerful, sinful

Calvinsim’s teachings; God was ______ and that humans were by nature ____

Predestination

Calvinsim’s teachings; The belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

saints, sinners

Calvinsim’s teachings; The world was divided into two kinds of people—___ and ____

Geneva

Protestants in _____ asked Calvin to lead them

theocracy, Institutes of the Christian Religion

He set up a ______ ( a government run by church leaders ) and wrote _________

Calvinist followers, chosen people

_____ are ______ entrusted by God to build a real Christian society; stress hard work, discipline, thrift, honesty, and morality; faced fines or other harsher punishments for offenses

John Knox

Scotland; Calvisnist preacher that overthrew the Catholic Queen