KNES 260 - ANATOMY FINAL

what is the peritoneum?

serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and most viscera

what are the characteristics of the peritoneum?

slippery and transparent

what are the 2 continuous layers of the peritoneum?

parietal and visceral

what structures does the parietal peritoneum line? (generally)

internal surface of abdominopelvic cavity

what structures does the visceral peritoneum line? (generally)

invests and lines viscera

where does the abdominopelvic cavity span?

from respiratory diaphragm till pelvic diaphragm

where is the peritoneum located? Which area is it located in and where does it extend to?

within abdominopelvic cavity and extends into pelvis

what is the physical relation between the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

parietal reflects upon itself on the surface of the viscera as the visceral peritoneum

what are intraperitoneal structures?

structures located in the peritoneum, lined by visceral peritoneum on almost all sides

what are retroperitoneal structures?

structures posterior to the peritoneum and peritoneal cavity, lined anteriorly by parietal peritoneum

what are subperitoneal structures?

structures below the peritoneum, lined superiorly by parietal peritoneum

what is the peritoneal cavity?

potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum, contains peritoneal fluid

what are the functions of the peritoneal cavity?

keeps surface moist, allows for free movement of viscera, contains immune cells to resist infection

what are the characteristics of intraperitoneal structures?

almost completely covered by visceral peritoneum, invaginated closed sac, anchored by mesentary, mobile structures

which structures are your mobile structures?

intraperitoneal structures

what is the relationship of the retroperitoneal structures to the peritoneum?

external to parietal peritoneum, partially covered by parietal peritoneum on anterior surface, posterior to peritoneal cavity

what is the relationship of the subperitoneal structures to the peritoneum?

external to parietal peritoneum, partially covered by parietal peritoneum superiorly, inferior to peritoneal cavity

what are some examples of intraperitoneal structures?

stomach, spleen, gallbladder, liver, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, superior duodenum (partially), jejunum, ileum, appendix, body of uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries

what are some examples of retroperitoneal structures?

esophagus, descending, inferior, and ascending duodenum, superior duodenum partially, ascending and descending colon, pancreas, abdominal aorta, IVC, kidneys, ureters

what are some examples of subperitoneal structures?

distal rectum, urinary bladder, cervix

what is mesentery?

double layer of peritoneum

what is the purpose of mesentery?

suspends/anchors intraperitoneal structures to body wall, pathway for neurovascular structures to/from viscera

what is the omenta?

double layered extension or fold of peritoneum extending from stomach and proximal part of duodenum to adjacent organs

what are the two omenta?

lesser and greater omentum

what is the lesser omentum?

double layered peritoneal fold

where do we find the lesser omentum?

lesser curvature of stomach and proximal part of the duodenum till the liver, comprised of two peritoneal ligaments

what is the greater omentum?

four layered peritoneal fold, descends from greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum and folds back attaching to transverse colon

which structure is considered to be apron-like?

greater omentum

what two peritoneal ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligament

what are the characteristics of the hepatogastric ligament?

membranous, thinner

what are the characteristics of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

thickened free-edge, on the right side conducts the portal triad

what structure is four-layered and continuous with the visceral peritoneum?

greater omentum

what are the subdivisions of the peritoneal cavity?

greater and lesser sac

what is the greater sac?

main and larger part of peritoneal cavity

what is the lesser sac? Where is it?

posterior to stomach, liver, and lesser omentum, has superior and inferior peritoneal recesses

what is another name for the lesser sac?

omental bursa

what is the function of the omental bursa?

permits free movement of the stomach, communicates with greater sac via omental foramen

the omental foramen is located posterior to which part of the lesser omentum?

hepatoduodenal ligament

where is the superior peritoneal recess?

posterior and inferior to liver and diaphragm

where is the inferior peritoneal recess?

extending inferiorly between the layers of the greater omentum

what landmark separates the left quadrants from the right?

median plane

what landmark separates the upper quadrants from the lower?

transumbilical plane

what osteological landmark is located in the medial plane?

linea alba

with all structures in situ which curvature of the stomach can be observed?

greater curvature

what is the relative location of the spleen in relation to the stomach?

located to the left and laterally

what is the location of the liver relative to the stomach?

superior and lateral to the right side

what intraperitoneal structure extends out from the stomach?

superior duodenum

what is the location of the pancreas relative to the stomach?

deep to the stomach

what is the location of the portal triad in relation to the IVC?

anterior to the IVC

what are the parts of the duodenum?

superior, descending, inferior, and ascending part

which part of the duodenum is located at. the vertebral level L1?

superior duodenum

which part of the duodenum is located at the vertebral level L2?

descending and ascending duodenum

which part of the duodenum is located at the vertebral level L3?

inferior duodenum

what parts of the duodenum are intraperitoneal?

superior (partially)

what parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

descending, inferior, and ascending duodenum

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: Ileum

right lower quadrant, intraperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: jejenum

left upper quadrant, intraperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: transverse colon

intraperitoneal, right and left upper quadrants

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: ascending colon

right lower and upper quadrant, retroperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: descending colon

located along left quadrants, retroperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: sigmoid colon

left lower quadrant, intraperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: rectum

lower quadrants, retro/subperitoneal

what quadrant is the following structure located in and what type of structure is this?

Structure: cecum

right lower quadrant, intraperitoneal

which abdominal viscera connects to both the appendix and ileum?

cecum

which abdominal viscera connects to the rectum?

sigmoid colon

what are three important structures located along the large intestine?

haustra, omental appendices, teniae coli

what are the subdivisions/structures that make up the small intestine?

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

what structures make up the large intestine?

ascending colon, cecum, appendix, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, haustra, omental appendices, tenia coli

what is the haustra?

sacculations of the wall of the large intestine

what is the omental appendices?

fatty projections along the large intestine

what is the teniae coli?

longitudinal bands along the entire length of the large intestine

where does the foregut span?

esophagus to the proximal half of the duodenum

what does the primordial foregut include? What structures?

esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, superior and descending duodenum

what is the foregut supplied by?

celiac trunk

Where does the midgut span?

distal half of the duodenum till the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

what structures are contained in the midgut?

ascending and inferior duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

where does the hindgut span?

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon till the rectum

what structures are located in the hindgut?

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

what is the midgut supplied by?

superior mesenteric artery

what is the hindgut supplied by?

inferior mesenteric artery

what major branch of the abdominal aorta is located at T12?

celiac trunk

what major branch of the abdominal aorta is located at L1?

superior mesenteric artery

what major branch of the abdominal aorta is located at L2?

gonadal arteries

what major branch of the abdominal aorta is located at L3?

inferior mesenteric artery

what major branch of the abdominal aorta is located at L4?

bifurcation of the abdominal artery into the right and left common iliac artery

what are the major branches of the celiac trunk?

common hepatic artery, splenic artery, left gastric artery

which branch of the celiac trunk supplies the liver?

common hepatic artery

which branch of the celiac trunk supplies the stomach?

left gastric artery

what branch of the celiac trunk supplies the spleen?

splenic artery

what structures must be removed in order to view the celiac trunk?

lesser omentum and parietal peritoneum

what is a major characteristic of the left gastric artery? What does it supply?

anastomoses with right gastric artery, supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach

what arteries branch off the left gastric artery and what do they supply?

esophageal branches, supply esophagus

what structures along with the esophageal branches of the left gastric artery supply the esophagus?

esophageal artery from thoracic aorta

what are the branches of the splenic artery?

left gastro omental artery, short gastric arteries, and pancreatic branches

what is a major characteristic of the left gastro omental artery?

anastomoses with right gastro omental artery

what is meant by a tortorus artery or vessel?

marked by repeated twists, bends, or turns

where do the branches of the splenic artery travel?

into the hilum of the spleen

what are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

hepatic artery proper, and gastroduodenal artery

what does the hepatic artery proper bifurcate into?

left and right hepatic arteries

what major structure is the hepatic artery proper a part of?

portal triad