Meiosis

meiosis is the production of ______

gametes

gametes

eggs or sperm cells

diploid

a cell with total number of chromosomes; two sets

haploid

a cell with half the number of chromosomes found in a diploid cell; one set of chromosomes

homologous chromosomes

chromosomes that have the same length and centromere position; same genes in same locations

alleles

alternative forms of genes; ex. eye color = gene, brown or blue = allele

autosomal chromosomes

all chromosomes that don’t determine sex

how many pairs of autosomal chromosomes do humans have

22 pairs

sex chromosomes

chromosomes that determine sex

karotype

a picture of a person’s chromosomes arranged in pairs and in largest to smallest, with the last being the sex chromosomes

what does meiosis produce

four haploid cells through two divisions

what does meiosis I do

separates homologous chromosome pairs

what does meiosis II do

separates sister chromatids

what phase does crossing over occur

prophase I

crossing over

exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I

independent assortment

homologous chromosomes are randomly separated during metaphase I

when does independent assortment occur

metaphase I

what are the three ways to increasing genetic diversity

crossing over + independent assortment + random fertilization

what are pulled apart duing anaphase I

homologous chromosomes are pulled apart

what does telophase I divide the cell into

two separate cells each with a complete haploid set of duplicated chromosome

what is the step between meiosis I and meiosis II called

interkinesis

interkinesis

rest period. no dna replication

purpose of meiosis II

creation of gametes

product of telophase II

four haploid cells, each daughter cell is genetically unique