Sociology 201 UofC Flashcards

sociological imagination by C. Wright Mills

seeing behavior as both private troubles and social issues

independent variable/ cause is?

always on x- axis

effect is on?

Y-axis

altruistic

war heroes "kamakazie

egotistic

marginalized by society "LGBT" Bullied"

fatalistic

"prison inmates" "religion" "celebs"

anomic

entire society evaporates "first nations"

when did soci start?

The industrial revolution

sociological promises

1. soci promises to help us think critically

2. why we act the way we do

3. it reveals the possibilities of human activities

4. It shows route us the correct route to introduce positive social change.

critical thinking:

using careful observations to arrive at conclusion about our social world

suicide

is a social causation not physiological

social theory

1. Order theories including functionalism.

2. Conflict theories including the work of

Marx and Weber.

3. Symbolic Interactionism.

4. Feminist theories.

5.The Postmodern (not a theory)

social theory came in response of?

1. scientific revolution

2. democracy

3. industrial revolution

anomie

feeling of worthlessness in either a society or an individual

functional

explains what holds society together, norms that society is suppose to follow

marx theory/ conflict theory

1. Bourgeoisie/ proletariat

2. Unfair relationship prol never makes the equivalence to the contribution

3. examines the forces that pull society apart

4. someone will always feel alienated

Conflict theory Weber

1. He thought capitalism was only 1 of the several reasons that influence social behavior

Weber "Verstenende society"

Meaning behind social behavior/ understanding

symbolic interactionism

social psych

Symbolic interactionism

1. Examines from mico- level

2. Act on basis of meaning for things

3. meaning is developed in the interaction of others

4. consistently changing

Feminist Theory

1. Patriarchy should be examined

2. Bene both males and females

3. examine at micro level , macro level of inquiry

4. patriachy is developed from socilogical factors not bio

Post modern

1. Not a theory

2. all theory are unsuccessful

3. Theories are merely construction or narratives

4. focouses on consumerism, the exploration of info system and oppression

Post Modern

is filled with the thought that everything has bias and misunderstanding

Manifest functions

are visible and intended effects of social structures

latent functions

are invisible and unintended effects of social structure

spurious relations

involve an incorrect inference about casual relations between variables

ethnocentrism

is the tendency to judge other cultures exclusively by the standards of our own

sanctions

are rewards and punishments intended to ensure conformity to cultural guidelines

Sapir-Whorf thesis

experience--->conceptualization---> Verbalization

social control

the means by witch members of society ensure people conform to social norms

material culture

comprises the tools and techniques that improve our ability to take what we want from our future

social solidarity

The degree its members share the same values and interact frequently and intimately

epistemologies

How we know our world

epistemology

1.personal experience

2.tradition

3.expertise(authority)

4. Religion

5.science

Theory

A set of claims about what exist in our social world and inter-connections amongst phenomena

Ideology

Is a set of beliefs and the inter-connection that one hold despite evidence to the contrary

Inductive research

Observation-->Generalization-->Theory

Deductive research

Theories-->Hypothesis-->Observation

**requisites of causality**

1.correlation

2.temporal sequence

3.non-spurious relationship

4.use of theory

correlation

being connected to two variables

temporal sequence

cause before the effect

relationships are non-spurious

there is no other recognized connected variable

use of soci theory

use of history and others research

social theory was a response to

1. industrial revolution

2. rise of nation stats ( democratic revolution)

3.scientific reolution

how do we know our world

1.personal experience

2.traditions

3.expertise

4.religion

5.science

variable

a construct witch a numerical value can be assigned

classic experiment

isolates experimental effect (control group), external validity problems

survey experiment

often accurate in large pop, questions of validity reliability

field/observational research

going into the field , questions of reliability/validity,

ethical concerns

observational research

most popular----> personal interviews, reliability and validity, ethical concerns EX Tearcom trade---> homo sex in bathrooms

classical experiment is...

more effective in reliability but less in validity

survey research is.....

effective in reliability and validity but must always be questioned

field research is....

difficult to generalize in large pops

wilson (bio)

pioneered, war, peace, envy, competition, cooperation,

wrote sexual jealousy with daly

Harlows

studied isolation on monkeys--->fear/ hostilely

freud

iceberg anaolgy

ID

demands immediate gratification,sup pleasure principal

Superego

part of mind that internalizes society's norms, personal conscious

ego

seeks to balance superego and ID , reality principal, DEVIL VS. ANGLE

freud

conflict between deep desires and demands placed on us by society

freud important because

he drew attention to sexuality and attention to the development process

stages of freud's development

1. oral

2. anal

3. phallic

4.latent

5.genital

is bio destiny

how can this be if people take different routes based on social interactions

piaget

children will go through stages

1. sensory

2.properational

3.concrete operational '

4.formal operational

sensory

sensory contact

preoperational

begin to use symbols

concrete operational

take on roles of others

formal operational

abstract thought

kohlberg

stages of moral development

1.preconventional

2.conventional

3.post conventional

preconventional

punishment and obedience

conventional

peer influence primary

post conventional

moral conduct/ human rights

gilligan

moral development is gendered

males

concerned with law and order

females

concerned with social consequences of social relationships

cooley

we need to understand the social self,

each person has a different perspective who we are and that perspective changes us

mead

three aspects of social self

1.Me

2. I

3.generalized other

Me

objective,we see ourselves from the perspective of others

I

subjective, instates action

generalized other

this is how we internalize social demands

egocentric stage

inability to take on the roles of others

imitative

imitate others ex doctors or the fuz

play stage

actually adopt social roles (imaginative)

game stage

child gains an understanding of social expectations and rules generalized other is internalized

goffman

we are all actors in a play our true selves are back on stage

social self

always changing

psychologist

stress personality that is relatively permanent over the life course

abstraction

the ability to use symbols such as language

cooperation

the ability to construct norms and laws

production

using tools and techniques used to take and create what we want

laws

codified norms

norms

specification of appropriate behavior

folkways

customary behavior

mores

carry serious moral condemnation

cultural relativism

assumes every culture has intrinsic worth

ethnocentrism

assumes our culture is superior

culture both

both frees and contains us

post modernism

mixture of elements from different times and places

erosion of authority

decline of of consensus about core values

werkglocken

introduction of work clock in Germany

McDonaldization

culture adopts aspects of a fast food restaurant