Mind, Brain, Behavior Decision Making and Problem Solving

how we should decide

Normative model (logically)

Three heuristics

representative (categorizing situations or people based on how similar they are to stereotypes rather than data)

availability (likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind)

anchoring (relying too heavily on the first piece of information offered)

Three types of biases

hindsight “I knew that was going to happen.”

confirmation “I only want to hear what I believe.”

overconfidence “I think I know more than I actually do.”

Dual-process model

human thinking involves two interactive systems

Seven steps of problem-solving

1) problem identification

2) definition of problem

3) strategzing

4) organize information

5) allocating resources

6) monitor problem-solving

7) evaluating

Well vs Ill-structured problems

solutions vs complexities

bias that limits a person to using an object only in its traditional, intended way, hindering creative problem-solving

Functional fixedness

generates creative ideas and insights

DMN

focused, goal-directed tasks

CEN