Intermolecular Forces and Gas Properties

These flashcards cover essential terms and concepts regarding intermolecular forces and the properties of gases.

Intermolecular Forces (IMFs)

Temporary electrostatic forces of attraction between molecules, which are much weaker than bonds within molecules.

Hydrogen Bonding

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction involving hydrogen, typically with highly electronegative atoms like oxygen.

Dipole-Dipole Forces

The attraction between polar molecules; medium-strength intermolecular forces.

London Dispersion Forces

The weakest intermolecular forces caused by temporary dipoles resulting from electron movement in nonpolar molecules.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the pressure of a boiling liquid exceeds atmospheric pressure.

Freezing Point

The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium; stronger IMFs correlate to higher freezing points.

Viscosity

The resistance of a liquid to flow, influenced by the strength of intermolecular forces.

Surface Tension

The tendency of liquid particles to minimize surface area, significantly affected by intermolecular forces.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

A theory that describes gas particles as being in constant, rapid, and random motion, with no attractions between them.

Gas Variables

Pressure (P), Volume (V), Temperature (T), and Amount (n) that describe the physical properties of gases.

Intramolecular Forces

strong chemical bonds that hold atoms together within a single molecule or compound