Health & Nutrition - Topic 5: Energy and Water Balance

Health & Nutrition - Topic 5: Energy and Water Balance

Energy input

Energy obtained from food and drink

Energy output

Energy used for metabolism, physical activity, and heat production

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Energy needed to maintain basic body functions at rest

Physical activity energy expenditure

Energy used for voluntary movement and exercise

Thermic effect of food (TEF)

Energy required to digest, absorb, and process nutrients

BMI purpose

Assesses weight status using height and weight

Waist circumference use

Estimates abdominal fat and chronic disease risk

Bioelectrical impedance

Measures body composition using electrical conductivity

Dehydration

Occurs when fluid loss exceeds fluid intake

Hyponatremia

Low blood sodium caused by excess water or sodium loss

Edema

Fluid accumulation in tissues due to electrolyte imbalance

Function of water: temperature regulation

Water enables sweating and heat dissipation

Function of water: transport

Carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products

Function of water: lubrication

Protects joints, eyes, and mucous membranes

Role of electrolytes in water balance

Maintain fluid distribution and support nerve and muscle function