SS 102 - Muscles of the neck, pectoral girdle, shoulder

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin at the manubrium of the sternum and clavicle

Mastoid process; occipital bone

The sternocleidomastoid inserts at the _________ and _________

Cervical flexion; lateral neck flexion; rotation

The action of the sternocleidomastoid includes ____, ____, and ____

Sternum elevation

What is the reverse action of the sternocleidomastoid and happens during forced inspiration

Scalene

Origin is at the transverse process of the cervical spine

1st rib

The anterior and middle scalene inserts at the ______

2nd rib

The posterior scalene inserts at the ___________

Elevates the ribs during deep inhalation

What is the action of the scalene muscle?

Splenius, erector spinae, transversospinales, segmental muscles

The posterior spinal muscles

Splenius capitis

The muscle running along the neck to the trunk

Spinous processes of c7 to t4

The origin of the splenius capitis

Occipital and mastoid process of temporal

The splenius capitis inserts at ____

Extends the head; lateral flexion and rotation

What is the action of the splenius capitis?

Splenius cervicis

Muscle with the origin at the spinous processes of t3 to t6

Transverse process of c1 to c4

The splenius cervicis inserts at the ________

Erector spinae

Chief extensor of the vertebral column

Intermediate

The erector spinae is _____ with respect to other spinal muscles

Spinalis, longissumus, iliocostalis

three subgroups of the erector spinae

Spinalis

Erector spinae subgroup whose main action is vertebral column and neck extension

Capitis, cervicis, thoracis

The muscles in the medial spinalis group

Longissimus

Erector spinae group whose main action is vertebral column and head extension, and lateral flexion of vertebral column on the same side

Capitis, cervicis, thoracis

The muscles in the intermediate longissimus group

Unilateral contraction

In the longissimus group, what causes the lateral flexion of the vertebral column on the same side?

Iliocostalis

The erector spinae group whose main action is vertebral column extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column on the same side

Cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

The muscles in the lateral iliocostalis group

Transversospinales

Tye muscle group deep to the erector spinae

Semispinalis

Transversospinales muscle group whose origin is at c4 to t10

Extends head and rotates contralaterally

The action of semispinalis capitis

Extends thoracic and cervical column and rotates column contraleterally

Action of both the semispinalis cervicis and thoracis

Multifidus

transversospinales muscle group that originates at the sacrum, illium, c4 to l5

Extends vertebral column, weak lateral flexor, weak contralateral rotation

The action of the multifidus muscle group

Rotatores

transversospinales muscle group whose origin is at the transverse process of all vertebrae

Spinous process of vertebra superior to the origin

The rotatores inserts to the _______

Weak extension of the vertebral column

what is the bilateral contraction of the rotatores

Weakly rotates vertebra column contralaterally

What is the unilateral contraction of the rotatores

Segmental muscles

Muscle group deepest to the erector spinae

Interspinales

Segemental muscle whose origin is at the superior surface of spinous process

Superior spinous; inferior spinous

The interspinales originates at ______ and inserts at ______

Weak extension of vertebral column

What is the bilateral contraction of the interspinales

stabilizes vertebral column during movement

What is the unilateral contraction of the interspinales

Intertransversarii

Segmental muscle whose origin is at the transverse process of all vertebrae

Transverse process; superior transverse process

The intertransversarii originates at the ______ and inserts at the ______

Weak extension of vertebral column

What is the bilateral contraction of the intertransversarii muscles

Weak lateral flexion of vertebral column

What is the unilateral contraction of the intertransversarii

Stabilizes vertebral column during movement

What is the main action of intertransversarii and interspinales muscles?

Subclavius, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid minor, rhomboid major

Posterior muscles of the pectoral girdle

Subclavius

Muscle under the clavicle

Rib 1, clavicle

The subclavius originates at the ____ and inserts at the _____

What is the actioN

Pull overs, dumbbell flyes

Exercises that may stimulate the subclavius

Pectoralis minor

Found in the lesser breast, chest, thorax area

Ribs 3 to 5; coracoid process of scapula

The pectoralis minor originates at the ______ and inserts at the _____

Protracts scapula, draw shoulder downward

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

Elevates 3 to 5 during forced inhalation when scapula is fixed by other muscles

what is the reverse muscle action of the pectoralis minor?

Serratus anterior

Saw toothed muscle in the pectoral girdle

Ribs 1 to 8 or 9; vertebral border and inferior angle of the scapula

The serratus anterior originates at the ______ and inserts at the _____

Protracts scapula, rotates scapula for abduction and flexion

What is the action of the serratus anterior

Reaching forward

What is the basic functional movement involving the serratus anterior?

Essential in horizontal arm movement

Why is the serratus anterior known as boxer’s muscle?

Trapezius

Posterior muscle that is trapezoid shaped

Occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, c7 to t12

Trapezius originates at the _____, ______, and _____

Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

The trapezius inserts at the _____, ______, and ____

Upward rotation and elevation of scapula

What is the action of the superior fibers of the trapezius?

Retraction of scapula

What is the action of the middle fibers of the trapezius?

Depression and upward rotation of scapula

What is the action of the inferior fibers of the trapezius?

Scapular stabilization

What is the main action of the trapezius?

Painting the ceilings

What is the basic functional movement of the trapezius?

Transverse process of c1 to c4

The levator scapulae originates at the ______

Posterior surface of the medial border

The levator scapulae inserts at the _____

Elevate scapula and rotate downward

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

Carrying a heavy bag

What is a basic functional movement of the levator scapulae

Rhomboids

Diamond shaped muscles

T2 to t5

The rhomboid major originates at the ____

c7 to t1

The rhombus minor originates at the ______

Inferior to spine of the scapula

The rhomboid major inserts at the medial border of scapula _______

Root of spine of scapula

The rhomboid minor inserts at the medial border at the _______

Elevates and retracts scapula

What is the action of the rhomboids?

Pulling something towards you, archery, seated rows

What is a basic functional movement of the rhomboids?

Trapezius, serratus anterior

Upward rotators of the scapula

Rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor

Downward rotators of scapula

Scapular retraction

Movement of the scapula medially and posteriorly, like pulling oars

Scapular protraction

Movement of scapula laterally and anteriorly, like push up or punching

Pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi

Muscles of the shoulder with axial origin

Pectoral major

Large, thick, fan-shaped muscle superificial to pectoralis minor

Clavicle

The origin of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major

Costal cartilages of ribs 2 to 6

The origin of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major

Rectus sheath

The origin of the abdominal head of the pectoralis major

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

The pectoralis major inserts at the ______

Flexion, adduction, internal rotation

The pectoralis major moves the glenohumeral joint by ______

Shoulder or arm flexion

The pectoralis major moves the clavicular head by ______

Shoulder or arm extension

The pectoralis major moves the sternocostal head from a flexed position by ______

Pulling something from above

What is the basic functional movement of the pectoralis major?

Latissimus dorsi

Broad, triangular muscle located on the inferior part of the back that forms most of the posterior wall of the axilla

T7 to L5, sacrum, ilium, ribs 9 to 12

The latissimus dorsi originates at the _____, ______, _____, and ______

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

The latissimus dorsi inserts at the _______

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi at the glenohumeral dorsi?

Draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

Sport climbing, gymnastics rings, swimming

Basic functional and sport-related movement of the latissimus dorsi

Deltoids, rotator cuff muscles, teres major

Muscles of the shoulder at the scapular origin