Therapy and Treatment

asylums

1st institutions made for mentally ill, ostracizing them from society

Dorothea Dix

an advocate for mental health reform in the 19th century, known for her efforts to improve conditions in asylums and establish new institutions for the mentally ill.

Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act

A 1963 legislation aimed at funding the construction of facilities to care for individuals with mental disabilities and promote community-based mental health services.

deinstitutionalization

the process of reducing or eliminating the use of large institutions for treating mental illness, promoting community-based care instead.

stats

• 1 in 5 adults experienced mental illness

• around 50% got treatment

• delay between onset and treatment is 11 years

  • white men more likely to get treatment

psychotherapy

a therapeutic approach to treating mental health issues through conversation and interaction between a client and a trained therapist.

biomedical therapy

a type of therapy that uses medications or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders, focusing on biological factors.

psychoanalysis

a method of exploring unconscious thoughts and feelings to gain insight into mental health issues, often using free association and dream analysis.

psychodynamic perspective

a view in psychology that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences on behavior and mental processes.

play therapy

a form of therapy primarily used with children to help them express feelings and experiences through play activities, enabling therapeutic insight and healing.

directive v. non-directive play therapy

Directive play therapy involves the therapist leading the session and guiding the child’s play, while non-directive play therapy allows the child to lead the play according to their own feelings and choices.

cognitive therapy

a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors by challenging negative thought patterns.

cognitive-behavioral therapy

a type of psychotherapy that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors to improve emotional regulation and develop personal coping strategies.

overgeneralization

a cognitive distortion where an individual takes one instance or example and generalizes it to an overall pattern or conclusion.

all-or-nothing thinking

a cognitive distortion in which individuals perceive situations in black-and-white terms, viewing things as either completely good or completely bad, with no middle ground.

jumping to conclusions

a cognitive distortion where an individual makes assumptions about a situation without having all the facts, often leading to erroneous conclusions.

behavior therapy

a type of psychotherapy that focuses on modifying observable behaviors through techniques such as reinforcement and punishment, often used to treat various psychological disorders.

counterconditioning

a behavioral therapy technique that replaces undesirable responses to a stimulus with more desirable responses, often used to reduce anxiety or fear. a

aversive conditioning

a type of behavioral therapy that pairs an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior to reduce the frequency of that behavior, commonly used to treat various addictions.

exposure therapy

a psychological treatment that involves exposing the patient to the feared object or context without any danger in order to overcome their anxiety, often used in treating phobias. fl

flooding

an exposure therapy technique in which a person is exposed to their greatest fear or anxiety-inducing stimuli for a prolonged period, helping to reduce the anxiety associated with that fear.

applied behavioral analysis

a systematic approach to behavior modification using principles of learning theory, often used with individuals with autism to improve specific behaviors.

token economy

a behavior modification system that uses tokens as a reinforcement for desired behaviors, allowing individuals to exchange tokens for rewards.

humanistic therapy

a psychological approach focusing on individual potential and fostering self-actualization, emphasizing empathy and the therapist-client relationship.

client-centered therapy

a form of humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers that emphasizes unconditional positive regard, empathetic listening, and the importance of the therapeutic relationship.

mindfulness

a mental practice involving focus on the present moment, often through meditation and awareness techniques.

MBSR

(Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction) is a structured program that incorporates mindfulness meditation and awareness to help reduce stress and improve emotional well-being.

MBCT

a type of cognitive therapy that incorporates mindfulness practices to help individuals prevent the recurrence of depression.

integrative or eclectic psychotherapy

a therapeutic approach that combines techniques from various psychological schools of thought to tailor treatment to the individual client's needs.

cognitive bias modification

a therapeutic technique designed to change maladaptive thought patterns and beliefs, often through training exercises aimed at reducing cognitive distortions.

CBT-enhacning pharmaceutical agents

medications that improve the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy by targeting symptoms of mental disorders such as anxiety and depression.

biomedical therapy

a treatment approach that uses medications or medical procedures to address psychological disorders, focusing on the biological aspects of mental health.

deep brain stimulation

a neurosurgical procedure that involves implanting electrodes in specific brain regions to alleviate symptoms of certain mental health conditions, such as severe depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

vagus nerve strimulation

a therapeutic technique that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve to help reduce symptoms of treatment-resistant depression and epilepsy.

overgeneralized autobiographical memory

a cognitive phenomenon where individuals recall memories in a generalized manner, leading to difficulties in accessing specific memories. This can be associated with mood disorders like depression.

consolidation

the process by which memories are stabilized and stored in the brain after initial acquisition.

reconsolidation

the process by which previously consolidated memories are recalled and actively strengthened, potentially leading to modifications before being stored again.

structure family therapy

a therapeutic approach that focuses on improving family dynamics by addressing the family's structure, rules, and patterns of interaction.

strategic family therapy

a therapeutic approach that uses problem-solving techniques and strategies to address specific issues within a family system, often involving directives and interventions from the therapist.