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Flashcards on NUHRA 2023-2028 Lecture Notes
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National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA)
The prime instrument of the Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS) to direct activities and funding for health research.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
A universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity.
Philippine National Health Research System (PNHRS)
The government's strategy for boosting health through research.
Universal Health Care (UHC)
Ensuring that all Filipinos have access to the quality health services they need without suffering financial hardship.
Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
A framework of analytical techniques that support decision-making in the setting of variable criteria that may be in conflict with each other.
Disease Management
The study and implementation of strategies to prevent, diagnose, manage, and treat diseases.
Halal in Health
Focuses on the application of Halal principles in the context of health.
Health Security, Emergency, and Disaster Risk Management
Involves the study and implementation of strategies to prepare for, respond to, and recover from health emergencies and disasters.
Health Technology and Innovation
Focuses on the development and application of innovative solutions to health challenges.
Health of Vulnerable Populations
Focuses on research for the benefit of populations that are underserved due to factors such as socioeconomic status, geographical location, gender, race, ethnicity, age, or disability.
Health Promotion
Empowering individuals and communities to manage their health through education, the creation of health-supportive environments, and organization of societal actions.
Health Systems Strengthening Towards UHC
Understand and improve the efficiency, effectiveness, quality, and responsiveness of health systems, all aimed at achieving UHC.
Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
Focuses on the health and wellbeing of mothers, children, and adolescents.
Mental Health
Covers the prevalence, treatment, rehabilitation/management of mental health conditions.
Nutrition and Food Security
Ensuring that all individuals have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.
Sexual and Reproductive Health
Aims to ensure that all individuals can have a satisfying and safe sex life, the capability to reproduce, and the freedom to decide if, when, and how often to do so.
Research
Action, a dynamic process of inquiry, investigation, and discovery.
Create a Research Space (CARS) Model
Describes three moves that almost all research introductions make.
Establishing a Territory
The author sets the context for his or her research, providing necessary background on the topic.
Claiming Centrality
The author asks the discourse community to accept that the research about to be reported is part of a lively, significant, or well-established research area.
Making Topic Generalizations
The author makes statements about current knowledge, practices, or phenomena in the field
Reviewing Previous Items of Research
The author relates what has been found on the topic and who found it.
Establishing a Niche
The author argues that there is an open niche in the existing research, a space that needs to be filled through additional research.
Counter-claiming
The author refutes or challenges earlier research by making a counter-claim.
Indicating a Gap
The author demonstrates that earlier research does not sufficiently address all existing questions or problems.
Question-raising
The author asks questions about previous research, suggesting that additional research needs to be done.
Continuing a Tradition
The author presents the research as a useful extension of existing research.
Occupying a Niche
The author turns the niche established in Move 2 into the research space that he or she will fill.
Outlining Purposes
The author indicates the main purpose(s) of the current article.
Announcing Present Research
The author describes the research in the current article.
Announcing Principal Findings
The author presents the main conclusions of his or her research.
Indicating the Structure of the Research Article
The author previews the organization of the article.
Evidence Gap
Results from studies allow for conclusions in their own right, but are contradictory when examined from a more abstract point of view.
Knowledge Gap
Desired research findings do not exist.
Practical-Knowledge Gap
Professional behavior or practices deviate from research findings or are not covered by research.
Methodological Gap
A variation of research methods is necessary to generate new insights or to avoid distorted findings.
Empirical Gap
Research findings or propositions need to be evaluated or empirically verified.
Theoretical Gap
Theory should be applied to certain research issues to generate new insights.
Population Gap
Research regarding the population that is not adequately represented or under-researched in the evidence base or prior research.
Research Approaches
Plans and the procedures for research that span the steps from broad assumptions to detailed methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
Worldview
A basic set of beliefs that guide action.
Postpositivism
Determination, reductionism, empirical observation and measurement, theory verification
Constructivism
Understanding, multiple participant meanings,social and historical construction, theory generation
Transformative
Political, power and justice oriented, collaborative, change-oriented
Pragmatism
Consequences of actions, problem-centered, pluralistic, Real-world practice oriented
Research Designs
Types of inquiry within qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches that provide specific direction for procedures in a research study.
Survey research
Provides a quantitative or numeric description of trends, attitudes, or opinions of a population by studying a sample of that population.
Experimental research
Seeks to determine if a specific treatment influences an outcome by providing a specific treatment to one group and withholding it from another.
Narrative research
Studies the lives of individuals and asks one or more individuals to provide stories about their lives.
Phenomenological research
Describes the lived experiences of individuals about a phenomenon as described by participants.
Grounded theory
Derives a general, abstract theory of a process, action, or interaction grounded in the views of participants.
Ethnography
Studies the shared patterns of behaviors, language, and actions of an intact cultural group in a natural setting over a prolonged period of time.
Case studies
Develops an in-depth analysis of a case, often a program, event, activity, process, or one or more individuals.
Mixed methods
Involves combining or integration of qualitative and quantitative research and data in a research study.
Research Methods
Involves the forms of data collection, analysis, and interpretation that researchers propose for their studies.
Research problem
Issue or concern that needs to be addressed.
Researchable Topic
Topic that is practical and useful to undertake.
Literature Review
Strategic process that justifies your study and positions it within a larger academic conversation.
Abstract
Concise summary of your study, often considered the most important single paragraph, allowing readers to quickly grasp its essence.
Style Manual
Ensures clarity, consistency, and scholarly credibility in your manuscript.
Quantitative Theory Use
Testing hypotheses stemming from theories.
Unmeasured factors that might influence both X and Y, leading to a misleading conclusion about X causing Y
Confounnding Variable
Independent Variables (IV)
Those that influence or affect outcomes in experimental studies, often manipulated by the researcher.
Dependent Variables (DV)
The outcomes or results that depend on the independent variables.
Predictor Variables
Similar to Is but not systematically manipulated; used to predict an outcome in survey studies.
Outcome Variables
The results of predictor variables in survey studies, sharing properties with DVs.
Mediating Variables
"Stand between" IV and DV, transmitting the V's effect.
Moderating Variables
Affect the direction and/or strength of the relationship between / and DV. They identify when or for whom an effect is stronger.
Quantitative Theory
Scientific prediction or explanation for what the researcher expects to find.
Theoretical Rationale
How and why variables are interrelated.
Micro-level theories
Provide explanations limited to small slices of time, space, or numbers of people
Meso-level theories
Link the micro and macro levels. These are theories of organizations, social movement, or communities
Macro-level theories
Explain larger aggregates, such as social institutions, cultural systems, and whole societies.
Hypothesis Testing in Quantitative Research
Hypotheses are derived from theories and tested through research. If a hypothesis is confirmed, it provides support for the theory. If a hypothesis is not confirmed, the theory may need to be revised or rejected.
Explanatory Variable
A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable.
Response Variable
A variable that is affected by another variable.
Sociological Theory
Are abstract explanations of the social world that provide a framework for understanding social phenomena.
A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate