Islam IB World Religions

Akhirah

Akhirah

Afterlife; For Muslims the key to eternal life is to live a just life in the service of Allah(PBUH)

Aklaq

“Ethics”; the practice of virtue, morality and manners in Islamic theology and falsafah(philosophy)

Iman

In Islamic theology denotes a believer's faith in the metaphysical aspects of Islam. Its most simple definition is the belief in the six articles of faith, known as arkān al-īmān. The term has been delineated in both the Quran and hadith. According to the Quran, must be accompanied by righteous deeds and the two together are necessary for entry into Paradise. Faith breaks down into six axioms

Ibadah

Refers to the duties of worship to God according to the law, including the five pillars—profession of faith (shahadah), canonical prayer (salat), charity (zakah), fasting (sawm), and pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)—as well as striving to live in the path of God and the condition of purity (taharah) required for worship and Quran recitation. Obligations toward other human beings are called Mu'amalat.

Islam

In Arabic literally means "submitting" or "submission." One who submits or surrenders his or her will to God is called a Muslim. While the whole of God's creation is described as being inherently Muslim, human beings must choose whether to follow or to reject God's will, as revealed in the Qur'an.

Jihad

literally "struggle or exertion" in the way of God. The "greater" involves struggling against evil within oneself, while the "lesser" involves working against injustice or oppression in society, sometimes even using armed force, though within a prescribed ethical code.
Muslims use the word to describe three different kinds of struggle:
• A believer's internal struggle to live out the Muslim faith as well as possible
• The struggle to build a good Muslim society
• Holy war: the struggle to defend Islam, with force if necessary

Kufr

Disbelief. A significant concept in Islamic thought, the word or one of its derivatives appears in the Quran 482 times. Also means "ingratitude," the willful refusal to appreciate the benefits that God has bestowed.

Niyaah

"Intention"- an Islamic concept: the intention in one's heart to do an act for the sake of God (Allah).According to Ibn Rajab's Commentary on Imam Nawawi's Forty Hadith: Hadith #1, actions are judged according to intentions. Correspondingly, one's intention is of the utmost importance among the requirements of an act of ritual prayer.

Risalah

Arabic word for message. It refers to 'prophethood' and represents the various ways Allah communicates with humanity.

Shirk

In Islam, is the sin of idolatry or polytheism (i.e., the deification or worship of anyone or anything besides Allah). Islam teaches that God does not share His divine attributes with any partner. Associating partners with God is disallowed according to the Islamic doctrine of Tawhid (monotheism). Mušrikūn are those who practice this, which literally means "association" and refers to accepting other gods and divinities alongside God (as God's "associates"). The Qur'an considers it a sin that will not be forgiven if a person dies without repenting of it.

Shirk

Tawhid

Means "oneness, unity." It is the central monotheistic doctrine of Islam expressed in the phrase: ""There is no god but God and Muhammad is His prophet", as stated in the shahādah ("witness") formula. Further refers to the nature of that God—that he is a unity, not composed, not made up of parts, but simple and uncompounded.

Ummah

Means "community," referring to the worldwide community of believers bound by their faith in Islam which, ideally, is seen as transcending ethnic, racial, and national differences. It is distinguished from shaʻb which means a nation with common ancestry or geography. Thus, it can be said to be a supra-national community with a common history.

Yawm al-Din

The Day of Judgement. Muslims believe that on a day decided by Allah, and known only to Allah, life on Earth will come to an end and Allah will destroy everything. On this day all the people who have ever lived will be raised from the dead and will face judgement by Allah. Muslims believe that they will remain in their graves until this day. This day is called by several names:

Al-Qadr

Predestination of the will of Allah; the belief that Allah has decreed everything that is to happen in the universe

Jannah

paradise ,heaven

Jahannam

hell(in Islam)

Juma

Friday afternoon prayer for Muslim men(obligation), women and children may participate but it is not required

Hadith

A tradition relating the words or deeds of the Prophet Muhammad; next to the Quran, the most important basis for Islamic law.

Sunnah

refers to the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims

Hijra

The Migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in A.D. 622, marking the founding of Islam, start of the Islamic Calendar

Malakiah

Belief in angels

Nubuwwah

Belief in prophethood

Kutub

Belief in the holy books

Shahada

The confession of faith, the first of the Five Pillars and central creedal statement of Islam: "There is no god except God. Muhammad is the messenger of God."

Salat

Prayer 5 times a day

Zakat

Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims

Hajj

A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims

Sharia Law

the code of law derived from the Quran and from the teachings and example of Mohammed “the correct path”

Fiqh

Jurisprudence, or the theoretical principles underpinning the specific regulations contained in the shari'ah

Fatwa

A ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority