Functional groups

Organic Compound

Any compound that includes a carbon and hydrogen

Organic Compound exceptions

CO2, CO, CCL4, Graphite or Diamond

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds

Methane

CH4, Main component of natural gas, used as fuel

Ethane

C2H6, Minor component of natural gas, used as fuel

Propane

C3H8, Used as fuel

Butane

C4H10, Fuel for lighters and LPG

Pentane

C5H12, Component of gasoline

Hexane

C6H14, Gasoline component, used for extracting food oils

Heptane

C7H16, Gasoline component

Octane

C8H18, Component of gasoline

Nonane

C9H20

Decane

C10H22, Component of gasoline

Dodecane

C12, H26, Component of diesel fuel

Tetradecane

C14H30, Diesel fuel component

Isomers

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds

Alkene

double bonded hydrocarbon

Alkyne

carbon-carbon triple bond

Ether

C-O-C

Aromatic

Benzene, C6H6

Aliphatic

Anything other than benzene

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons

compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine atoms

Carbon tetrachloride

Dissolves water-insoluable stains such as grease and oil

Functional groups

Part of the molecule thar is responsible for physical and chemical properties

Alcohol

When you have an OH connected to a C

Aldehyde

An organic molecule (H AND C) with a carbonyl group located at the end of the carbon skeleton.

Glycol

More than one OH group

Ketons

Have two C's with a carbonyl in the middle

Phenols

When an OH is bonded to a bezene ring

Carbonoxyl

COOH

Amines

Hydrocarbons connected to a Nitrogen

aniline

benzene with nitrogen

Heterocyclic

ring shaped carbon chain which has to have at least one atom that isn't carbon in the ring