HTHSCI 3BB3 - F2023 - 1B - Nutrition Matters

Why do we need to consume food?

1. Energy

2. Important nutrients that we can't make ourselves

Humans went from hunter-gatherers to:

establishing permanent settlements with reliable food supplies from domesticated crops and animals

What stimulates dopamine in the reward centre of our brain and provides positive feedback?

sugar

Chronic disease: a problem of nutrition?

- link to cardiovascular disease,

- alzeimher's --> cancer --> diabetes, heart cancer all related to nutrition

Countries with low-incidence of heart disease often followed which kind of diet?

mediterranean

What does the nutritional health look like in Canada?

- 1 in 3 kids, 2 in 3 adults overweight

- 1 in 5 adults have chronic diseases

- 1 in 3 people eat enough veggies

- 1 in 6 eat whole grains

- 1/3 eat plant based legumes, nuts, and seeds

What are Canadians eating?

- processed foods containing high saturated fats, sodium, and sugar

What are the top 3 leading causes of death in the Canada?

cancer, heart disease, stroke

Unit for energy

measured in Kilocalorie, Kcal or Calorie

One calorie (1/1000 of a Calorie) is:

the amount of heat it takes to raise one g of water one degree Celsius

One calorie is equal to _________ joules

4.18

One Kcal is typically enough energy to take _____ steps

~25 steps

T OR F: calorie / Calorie (kcal) is NOT interchangeable like it is in the public

true

Kcalories/Gram: carbs

4

Kcalories/Gram: lipids

9

Kcalories/Gram: protein

4

Kcalories/Gram: alcohol

7

How many calories would you expect to be produced a food that contains 20g of carbohydrates, 10g of lipids, and 4g of protein?

186 Kcal

Macronutrients:

Fats/Lipids, Carbohydrates and Proteins

and energy-producing macronutrients

T or F: Water is a macronutrient that doesn't produce energy

TRUE

Vitamins and Minerals are termed micronutrients (micro = small) because

we need a small amount of them

Micronutrients

- important for cellular function

- minerals

- vitamins

essential micronutrients:

we cannot make them and must get them from our diet, or

non-essential micronutrients:

we can make them, but they are also available in our diet.

A recent paper reported that hospitalizations in Ontario that were attributed to alcohol rose:

~240% in women aged 25-29

*In 2014, alcohol was attributed to $11.1 billion in healthcare costs

What is Health At Every Size® (HAES®)?

supports people in adopting health habits for the sake of health and well-being (rather than weight control).

Genetics versus Lifestyle:

- Physical activity or diet can equalize an individual's inherent risk to obesity and heart disease

- both have an impact