Chapter 8: British Empire in America: Growth and Conflict (1650–1750)

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Navigation Acts

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50 Terms

1

Navigation Acts

In 1660 and 1663, King Charles II passed the ____, which were revised in the 1670s.

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2

Navigation Acts

These acts boosted English trade while hurting Dutch competitors. These acts restricted English goods to English ships with majority-English crews.

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3

Massachusetts Bay Colony

In 1684, an English court convicted the _______ of violating the Navigation Acts because New England ignored English trade regulations.

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4

Dominion of New England

In 1686, King James II created the ________ from New England, New York, and New Jersey.

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5

Edmund Andros

Sir ______, the king's appointed governor, had more power under Dominion of New England new structure.

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6

William Berkeley

Western Virginians believed that Sir _________ was more interested in profiting from his office than protecting the colonists from Native American raids.

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7

Nathaniel Bacon

In 1676, a landowner named ________ raised the standard of rebellion.

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8

Bacon's Rebellion

________ was a 400–500-man army that attacked Native American settlements, some of which had been at peace with the colonists, to intimidate the colonial government.

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9

1662

A law was passed in Virginia declaring that the child of a slave mother was also a slave.

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10

triangular trade system

This Atlantic-wide trade and economic interdependence linked Africa, the Caribbean, South and North America, and Europe.

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11

Middle Passage

The ________ transported African slaves to the Americas. Disease in these cramped quarters killed slaves and crews.

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12

Stono Rebellion

In 1739, South Carolina's _______ was the largest slave uprising in British colonies.

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13

Sir Edmund Andros

Massachusetts and the other New England colonies resented __________, the governor of the new Dominion of New England, taking their power.

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14

Glorious Revolution of 1688

King James II was overthrown during the _________ in England.

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15

William of Orange and Mary

They became England's first constitutional monarchs by respecting Parliament's prerogatives.

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16

Governor Andros

Protestant rebels overthrew Catholic Maryland leaders and imprisoned ________ in Massachusetts.

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17

Jacob Leisler

In New York, a militia officer named _______ took control of the colony. He ran afoul of the new regime and was hanged as a rebel.

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18

Louis XIV

The “Sun King” of France, attempted to dominate Europe.

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19

Battle of Waterloo

English and French wars began in 1689 and ended in 1815 with the __________.

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20

League of Augsburg

From 1689 to 1697, America's King William's War was the ________ War.

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21

Schenectady

Town in New York that was destroyed by French and Native American war parties.

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22

Port Royal

Massachusetts-based troops took ______ in Acadia from the French.

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23

Queen Anne's War

War of the Spanish Succession

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24

Deerfield

In 1704, French and Native Americans raided _______, Massachusetts, killing 48 and capturing 112.

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25

Treaty of Utrecht

The _________ forced the French to give up Newfoundland, Acadia, and other American territories after Marlborough's European victories.

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26

Self-government

It prevailed throughout British North America. Colonial assemblies were elected, but governors were appointed.

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27

Molasses Act of 1733

It raised duties on foreign sugar because Parliament was worried about the American sugar trade with the French in the Caribbean.

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28

First Great Awakening

It challenged religious authorities and called for more personal and emotional worship.

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29

Jonathan Edwards

He preached on "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," vividly describing hell and its horrors.

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30

George Whitefield

In the 1740s, his sermons drew thousands to the colonies.

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31

Great Awakening

It promoted personal equality in the American colonies by scorning the "establishment" and emphasizing fervor over ministerial learning.

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32

Mercantilism

An economic system practiced by European powers in the late seventeenth century stating that economic self-sufficiency was crucial; as a result, colonial empires were important for raw materials.

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33

Navigation Acts (1660)

Acts passed by the British Parliament increasing the dependence of the colonies on the English for trade; these acts caused great resentment in the American colonies but were not strictly enforced.

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34

Triangular trade system

Complex trading system that developed in this era between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; Europeans purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to the colonies, raw materials from the colonies went to Europe, while European finished products were sold in the colonies.

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35

Middle Passage

Voyage taken by African slaves on horribly overcrowded ships from Africa to the Americas.

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36

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

Trials in Salem, Massachusetts, after which 19 people were executed as witches; historians note the class nature of these trials.

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37

Salutary neglect

Early eighteenth-century British policy relaxing the strict enforcement of trade policies in the American colonies.

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38

1651

First of several Navigation Acts approved by British parliament

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39

1676

Bacon’s Rebellion takes place in Virginia

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40

1682

Dutch monopoly on slave trade ends, greatly reducing the price of slaves coming to the Americas

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41

1686

Glorious Revolution in England; James II removed from the throne

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42

1689

Beginning of the War of the League of Augsburg

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43

1692

Witchcraft trials take place in Salem, Massachusetts

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44

1702

Beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession

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45

1733

Enactment of the Molasses Act

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46

1739

Stono (slave) Rebellion in South Carolina

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47

1740

George Whitefield tours the American colonies—the high point of the Great Awakening

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48

increased the power of the governor of the area.

The creation of the Dominion of New England….

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49

the harsher treatment of slaves in many parts of the South.

A major effect of the Stono Rebellion was…

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50

More slaves began to live and work on larger plantations.

What changes in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s?

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