Chapter 8: British Empire in America: Growth and Conflict (1650–1750)

Navigation Acts

In 1660 and 1663, King Charles II passed the ____, which were revised in the 1670s.

Navigation Acts

These acts boosted English trade while hurting Dutch competitors. These acts restricted English goods to English ships with majority-English crews.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

In 1684, an English court convicted the _______ of violating the Navigation Acts because *New England ignored English trade regulations*.

Dominion of New England

In 1686, King James II created the ________ from New England, New York, and New Jersey.

Edmund Andros

Sir ______, the king's appointed governor, had more power under Dominion of New England new structure.

William Berkeley

Western Virginians believed that Sir _________ was more interested in profiting from his office than protecting the colonists from Native American raids.

Nathaniel Bacon

In 1676, a landowner named ________ raised the standard of rebellion.

Bacon's Rebellion

________ was a 400–500-man army that attacked Native American settlements, some of which had been at peace with the colonists, to intimidate the colonial government.

1662

A law was passed in Virginia declaring that the child of a slave mother was also a slave.

triangular trade system

This Atlantic-wide trade and economic interdependence linked Africa, the Caribbean, South and North America, and Europe.

**Middle Passage**

The **________** transported African slaves to the Americas. Disease in these cramped quarters killed slaves and crews.

Stono Rebellion

In 1739, South Carolina's _______ was the largest slave uprising in British colonies.

Sir Edmund Andros

Massachusetts and the other New England colonies resented __________, the governor of the new Dominion of New England, taking their power.

Glorious Revolution of 1688

King James II was overthrown during the _________ in England.

William of Orange and Mary

They became England's first constitutional monarchs by respecting Parliament's prerogatives.

Governor Andros

Protestant rebels *overthrew Catholic Maryland leaders* and imprisoned ________ in Massachusetts.

Jacob Leisler

In New York, a militia officer named _______ took control of the colony. He ran afoul of the new regime and was hanged as a rebel.

Louis XIV

The “Sun King” of France, attempted to dominate Europe.

Battle of Waterloo

English and French wars began in 1689 and ended in 1815 with the __________.

League of Augsburg

From 1689 to 1697, America's King William's War was the ________ War.

Schenectady

Town in New York that was destroyed by French and Native American war parties.

Port Royal

Massachusetts-based troops took ______ in Acadia from the French.

Queen Anne's War

War of the Spanish Succession

Deerfield

In 1704, French and Native Americans raided _______, Massachusetts, killing 48 and capturing 112.

Treaty of Utrecht

The _________ forced the French to give up Newfoundland, Acadia, and other American territories after Marlborough's European victories.

Self-government

It prevailed throughout British North America. Colonial assemblies were elected, but governors were appointed.

Molasses Act of 1733

It raised duties on foreign sugar because Parliament was worried about the American sugar trade with the French in the Caribbean.

First Great Awakening

It challenged religious authorities and called for more personal and emotional worship.

Jonathan Edwards

He preached on "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," vividly describing hell and its horrors.

George Whitefield

In the 1740s, his sermons drew thousands to the colonies.

Great Awakening

It promoted personal equality in the American colonies by scorning the "establishment" and emphasizing fervor over ministerial learning.

Mercantilism

An economic system practiced by European powers in the late seventeenth century stating that economic self-sufficiency was crucial; as a result, colonial empires were important for raw materials.

Navigation Acts (1660)

Acts passed by the British Parliament increasing the dependence of the colonies on the English for trade; these acts caused great resentment in the American colonies but were not strictly enforced.

Triangular trade system

Complex trading system that developed in this era between Europe, Africa, and the colonies; Europeans purchased slaves in Africa and sold them to the colonies, raw materials from the colonies went to Europe, while European finished products were sold in the colonies.

Middle Passage

Voyage taken by African slaves on horribly overcrowded ships from Africa to the Americas.

Salem Witch Trials (1692)

Trials in Salem, Massachusetts, after which 19 people were executed as witches; historians note the class nature of these trials.

Salutary neglect

Early eighteenth-century British policy relaxing the strict enforcement of trade policies in the American colonies.

1651

First of several Navigation Acts approved by British parliament

1676

Bacon’s Rebellion takes place in Virginia

1682

Dutch monopoly on slave trade ends, greatly reducing the price of slaves coming to the Americas

1686

Glorious Revolution in England; James II removed from the throne

1689

Beginning of the War of the League of Augsburg

1692

Witchcraft trials take place in Salem, Massachusetts

1702

Beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession

1733

Enactment of the Molasses Act

1739

Stono (slave) Rebellion in South Carolina

1740

George Whitefield tours the American colonies—the high point of the Great Awakening

increased the power of the governor of the area.

The creation of the Dominion of New England….

the harsher treatment of slaves in many parts of the South.

A major effect of the Stono Rebellion was…

More slaves began to live and work on larger plantations.

What changes in the slave system of the southern colonies began in the 1730s?