Untitled Flashcards Set

Coulomb's Law

Quantifies the electric force, stating it is proportional to the product of charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

Describes the gravitational force between two masses, stated by the formula F=G (m1*m2)/r².

Inverse-Square Law

A principle stating that the force decreases rapidly with increasing distance in both electric and gravitational forces.

Gravitational Forces

Always attractive forces between two masses.

Electric Forces

Can be either attractive or repulsive depending on the charges involved.

Charge Transfer by Conduction

Involves direct contact allowing electrons to transfer until equilibrium is reached.

Charge Transfer by Friction

Occurs through the rubbing of materials, causing one object to become positively charged and the other negatively charged.

Charge Transfer by Induction

Influences the charge distribution in a neutral object without direct contact, temporarily polarizing it.

Electric Potential Energy (Ue)

Defined as Ue= k * (q1*q2) / r, indicating energy changes based on charge proximity.

Direct Current (DC)

Electric current flowing in one direction, typically found in batteries.

Alternating Current (AC)

Electric current that oscillates back and forth, commonly found in household electricity.

Ohm’s Law

Establishes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) with the equation V=IR.

Power in Electrical Circuits

Calculated by the formula P=IV, indicating the rate of energy transfer in a circuit.

Series Circuit

A circuit configuration where the current remains constant and the voltage divides among components.

Parallel Circuit

A circuit configuration where the voltage remains constant and the current divides among branches.

Resistance Total in Series

Calculated by the equation Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 + ..., summing all resistances.

Resistance Total in Parallel

Calculated by the equation 1/Rtotal = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ..., where the reciprocal of total resistance is the sum of reciprocals.

Electromagnetism

The principle that electric currents generate magnetic fields.

Strength of Magnetic Field

Influenced by the number of wire turns, strength of the current, and the presence of an iron core.

Experimental Demonstration of Electromagnetism

Constructing an electromagnet by wrapping wire around an iron nail connected to a battery.

Electric Motors

Devices that operate on the principles of electromagnetism.

Electric Generators

Devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy using electromagnetic principles.

Transformers

Devices that transfer electrical energy between circuits via electromagnetic induction.

Static Electricity

A phenomenon resulting from an imbalance of electric charges on the surface of objects.

Applications of Electric Forces

Practical uses including analyzing electric fields, capacitors, and charged particle behaviors.

Real-World Connection to Friction and Charge Transfer

Phenomena such as static electricity and lightning that illustrate basic electric charge interactions.