History of Architecture - Greek Architecture

Doric

The Doric order was one of the three orders of ancient Greek or classical architecture, most easily recognised by the simple circular capitals at the top of columns.

Ionic

One of the three orders of classical architecture. The Ionic capital is characterized by the use of volutes.

Corinthian

The last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. A capital (the distinguishing feature, consisting of two rows of acanthus-leaves over the astragal, with caules rising from the acanthus-leaves and sprouting helices or volutes from each calyx with bud).

Capital

Forms the topmost member of a column

Volutes

A spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals

Triglyphs

An architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze in classical architecture

Metope

In classical architecture, a metope (μετόπη) is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze

Frieze

A long narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a Greek temple or another building

Fluting

Narrow channels running up and down them columns

Entasis

A slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft

ca. 460 B.C. - Temple of Hera II, Paestum

Sometimes called the Temple of Neptune or the Temple of Poseidon is an archaic Doric temple in the ancient city of Paestum. It is one of the best preserved Greek temples in the world.

ca. 427-424 B.C. - Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, Greece

A temple on the Acropolis of Athens. It was named after the Greek goddess, Athena Nike. Built around 420BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis.

ca. 421-405 B.C. - Erechtheion (view from the southeast),

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

An ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon.

ca. 350 B.C. Corinthian capital, from the Tholos, Epidauros, Greece

ca. 131 A.D. - Temple of Olympian Zeus, Athens

A colossal ruined temple in the center of the Greek capital Athens that was dedicated to Zeus, king of the Olympian gods.

ca. 1-10 A.D. - Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France

An ancient building in Nîmes, southern France; it is one of the best preserved Roman temple façades to be found in the territory of the former Roman Empire.

Acropolis, Athens, Greece

An ancient citadel located on an extremely rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.

ca. 429 B.C. - KRESILAS, Pericles.

Roman marble copy after a bronze original of

approx. 6' high.

A bust of the Athenian statesman and general Pericles which survives in the form of four marble copies from the Roman Imperial period.

Parthenon - 447 BC

A former temple, on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena

Propylaia

Serves as the entrance to the Acropolis in Athens

Schematic showing the inner cella of the Parthenon

ca. 438 BC: PHIDIAS, Athena Parthenos, in the cella of the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece

ca. 350 B.C. - POLYKLEITOS THE YOUNGER, Theater, Epidauros, Greece

4

How many metopes are there at the Parthenon

fall of troy, centaurs vs Lapiths, Athenians vs Amazons and greek gods fighting giants

What are the metopes at the parthenon

East pediment at the Parthenon

What is this

Birth of Athena

what is the east pediment at the parthenon

West pediment at the parthenon

what is this

Athena vs Poseidon

what is the west pediment at the Parthenon

East pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia

what is this

chariot race between pelops and oinomaos

what is the east pediment at the temple of zeus at Olympia

West pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia

what is this

Centauromachy

what is the west pediment at the temple of Zeus at Olympia

Herakles 12 labours

what are the metopes at the temple of Zeus at Olympia

Apples of hisperadies, cleaning the Augean stables, cretan bull and nemean lion

what are the depictions on the metopes at the temple of Zeus at Olympia

East pediment at the temple of Aphaia

what is this

Early destruction of Troy

what is the East pediment at the temple of Aphaia

West pediment at the temple of Aphaia

what is this

later destruction of Tory

what is the west pediment at the temple of Aphaia

metope at Temple C

what is this

Herakles and the kerkopes

what does this depict

Metope at Temple C

what is this

Heroic cattle raid

what does this depict

pediment at the temple of Artemis

what is this

Medusa in between two felines

what is the pediment at the temple of Artemis

Doric order

Ionic order

Corinthian order

Pediment

frieze

beauty

very pleasing to the senses

symmetry

having the same shape, size, and position on both sides of a dividing line

clarity

clearness, accuracy

balance

equal distribution of weight

proportion

proper relation between parts

function

to serve a purpose

Nike

The Greek goddess of victory

Acropolis

is an ancient citadel located on a high rocky outcrop above the city of Athens and contains the remains of several ancient buildings of great architectural and historic significance, the most famous being the Parthenon.

Propylaea

is any monumental gateway entrance to the Acropolis in Athens.

Mnesicles

was an ancient Athenian architect active in the mid 5th century BCE, the age of Pericles. Plutarch identifies him as architect of the Propylaea, the Periclean gateway to the Athenian Acropolis

Temple of Athena Nike

Acropolis - Athens, Greece

420 BCE

Kallikrates

Classical Greek - Ionic

is a temple on the Acropolis of Athens. Built around 420BC, the temple is the earliest fully Ionic temple on the Acropolis

Erechtheum

is an ancient Greek temple on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens in Greece which was dedicated to both Athena and Poseidon

Parthenon

is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron.

Ictinus, Callicrates and Carpion

architects of the Parthenon.

Pheidias

Sculptor of the Parthenon.

Perikles

was arguably the most prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age— specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars.

Doric

columns were stouter than those of the other orders. Their smooth, round capitals are simple and plain compared to the other two Greek orders. A square abacus connects the capital to the entablature.

Ionic

are the thinnest and smallest columns out of the three canonic orders. It's capital is characterized by the use of volutes. They normally stand on a base which separates the shaft of the column from the stylobate or platform; the cap is usually enriched with egg-and-dart.

Architrave

is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. It is an architectural element in Classical architecture.

doric

what order?

ionic

what order?

Corinthian

what order?

capital

top part of column.

caryatid

is a sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

Colonnade

a row of columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arcade.

Cornice

is the topmost element of the entablature.

Entablature

a horizontal, continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or a wall, comprising the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

Entasis

a slight convex curve in the shaft of a column, introduced to correct the visual illusion of concavity produced by a straight shaft.

greek Frieze

is a long narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a Greek temple or another building. One of the most famous of theses is the one on the Parthenon in Athens, Greece.

Flute

is the shallow grooves running vertically along a surface.

mausoleum

a building, especially a large and stately one, housing a tomb or tombs.

Metope

is a rectangular architectural element that fills the space between two triglyphs in a Doric frieze.

Naos

Temple, holy place.

Pediment

the triangular upper part of the front of a building in classical style, typically surmounting a portico of columns.

Triglyph

is an architectural term for the vertically channeled tablets of the Doric frieze, so called because of the angular channels in them, two perfect and one divided, the two chamfered angles or hemiglyphs being reckoned as one.

Volute

a spiral scroll characteristic of Ionic capitals and also used in Corinthian and composite capitals.

Stylobate

the foundation or base upon which a building or the like is erected

Tholos

a circular structure, often a temple, of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and in classical or neoclassical architecture.

stoa

is a covered walkway or portico, commonly for public use. Early versions were open at the entrance with columns.

Peripteral

having a single row of pillars on all sides in the style of the temples of ancient Greece.

Shaft

this rests upon the base, is a long, narrow, vertical cylinder that in some orders is articulated with fluting.

Corinthian (1)

is the last developed of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture.

Callicrates

architect of the Temple of Athena Nike.

Corinthian: Fanciest

Ionic: Spirals (Volutes)

Doric: Least Fancy

Fancyness

Town Plan of Miletus

Miletus, Greece

479 BCE

Hippodamus

Grid Plan

Temple of Hera II

Paestum, Italy

470 - 460 BCE (470 BCE)

Architect Unknown

Greek - Doric

Acropolis

Athens, Greece

479 BCE

Pericles

Greek

Parthenon

Acropolis - Athens, Greece

448 - 432 BCE (436 BCE)

Iktinos and Kallikrates

Classical Greek - Doric

Propylaea

Acropolis - Athens, Greece

437 BCE

Mnesicles

Classical Greek - Doric

Erechtheion

Acropolis - Athens, Greece

421 - 407 BCE (413 BCE)

Architect Unknown

Classical Greek - Ionic