Chapter 8: Investigation and Evidence Collection

Criminal Profiling

________: Using the behavior present at a crime scene to determine what type of person committed the crime.

Locard Exchange Principle

________: This is the belief that an offender will take something with them from the crime scene and leave something as well.

Associative evidence

Associative evidence: Lab work that can be used to link the crime scene, victim, and offender.

Physical evidence

________: An object or item that can be linked to a crime.

Modus Operandi

________: This refers to "how "the crime was committed.

Organized Typology

Organized Typology: This type of offender will meticulously plan their crime and will leave as little evidence as possible.

Psychopath

________: This type of person charms their victim and does not have any empathy and it often results in them feeling sadistic sexual pleasure.

Schizoid Personality

________: These types of people avoid social interactions and have a lower range of emotional expressions.

Semen Skin

________: Federal law let us take blood samples from convicted felons.

Reconstruction

________: Officers will try to determine exactly what happened at the crime scene and to determine what and how they did what they did and contaminants can alter that.

Saliva

________: National DNA Index System has about 600, 000 offenders and it can be shared between states.

Nonverbal cues

________: This refers to the way a suspect talks.

Criminalistics

________: It is used to reconstruct what happened and it can be used to find links between people, places, and things.

Signature

________: This refers to "what "the offender does.

Preliminary Investigation

________: This is the investigation that takes place when an officer arrives at the scene.

Field Intelligence Groups (FIGs)

________ : These agents identify gaps in intelligence, analyze them, and disseminate findings to local law enforcement.

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

: This compares DNA on a national level between federal, local, and state offenders.

Fingerprints

________: No two people have the same fingerprint hence this can be used to identify an offender.

Clearance Rate

________: This refers to the rate at which a suspect is identified and caught.

Cultural Cues

________: These are things based on the culture of a person.

Circle of Investigation

________: The pool of possible suspects.

Weapon

________: We can identify the weapons used and find the manufacturer which could potentially lead us to a suspect.

Thief Catcher

________: These people were hired by individuals to find stolen property.

Solvability Factors

________: These are factors that can affect the probability of success in solving the case.

Nonverbal cues

________ can be different based on a persons religion.

Thief Catcher

These people were hired by individuals to find stolen property

Kansas City Response Time Study

The result of this study showed that people take longer to report crimes than it takes for an officer to arrive at the scene

Discovery Crime

Officers respond to crimes well after they were committed

Involvement Crimes

Officers arrive while the crime is taking place

Clearance Rate

This refers to the rate at which a suspect is identified and caught

Preliminary Investigation

This is the investigation that takes place when an officer arrives at the scene

Contaminants

This refers to anything that may alter the crime scene

Reconstruction

Officers will try to determine exactly what happened at the crime scene and to determine what and how they did what they did and contaminants can alter that

Solvability Factors

These are factors that can affect the probability of success in solving the case

Crime Scene

Area where the majority of the evidence of a crime is

Primary Crime Scene

This is where the crime originally took place

Secondary Crime Scene

This refers to any other place the crime took place (the transport car, where the body is buried, etc.)

Locard Exchange Principle

This is the belief that an offender will take something with them from the crime scene and leave something as well

Chain of Evidence or Chain of Custody

This is the careful and detailed tracking of all physical evidence from a case

Fingerprints

No two people have the same fingerprint hence this can be used to identify an offender

Blood

DNA profiling uses genetic material to identify individuals no one but identical twins have the same DNA

Saliva

National DNA Index System has about 600,000 offenders and it can be shared between states

Semen Skin

Federal law let us take blood samples from convicted felons

Weapon

We can identify the weapons used and find the manufacturer which could potentially lead us to a suspect

Associative evidence

Lab work that can be used to link the crime scene, victim, and offender

Criminalistics

It is used to reconstruct what happened and it can be used to find links between people, places, and things

Physical evidence

An object or item that can be linked to a crime

Nonverbal cues

This refers to the way a suspect talks

Kinesics

The body language of a suspect

Cultural Cues

These are things based on the culture of a person

Criminal Profiling

Using the behavior present at a crime scene to determine what type of person committed the crime

Modus Operandi

This refers to "how" the crime was committed

Signature

This refers to "what" the offender does

Organized Typology

This type of offender will meticulously plan their crime and will leave as little evidence as possible

Disorganized Typology

This type of offender will be chaotic and will not plan their attack

Psychopath

This type of person charms their victim and does not have any empathy and it often results in them feeling sadistic sexual pleasure

Schizoid Personality

These types of people avoid social interactions and have a lower range of emotional expressions

Circle of Investigation

The pool of possible suspects

Violent Criminal Apprehension Program (VICAP)

This logs crimes and their details to help law enforcement connect crimes

Integrated Ballistic Information System (IBIS)

This is a firearm identification program

Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS)

This helps match fingerprints to other crimes or people and it works 24/7 all year

Combined DNA Index System (CODIS)

This compares DNA on a national level between federal, local, and state offenders

Field Intelligence Groups (FIGs)

These agents identify gaps in intelligence, analyze them, and disseminate findings to local law enforcement