Carbon Dioxide Transport

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5 Terms

1
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What are the 3 ways CO2 can travel in deoxygenated blood?

  • Dissolved CO2 in plasma

  • Carbamino compounds (CO2 binds to Hb but not at oxygen-binding sites)

  • Bicarbonate ions (main transport)

    • CO₂ + H₂O ⇌ H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid)

      • But carbonic acid is unstable so dissociates into

    • H⁺ + HCO₃⁻

    • Enzyme = carbonic anhydrase

2
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What is the chloride shift?

  • As bicarbonate ions build up in RBCs

  • They diffuse out into plasma

  • In response, to maintain electrical balance, Cl- move from plasma —> RBCs

3
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What is the Haldane effect?

It describes how oxygen binding to Hb affects CO2 transport

  • More O2 binds to Hb = less CO2 carried

  • More CO2 displaced

  • So when O2 is unloaded, Hb can carry more CO2

4
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How does the Haldane effect work in tissue capillaries?

  • In tissues, O2 is released from Hb

  • So Hb free to bind to CO2

  • CO2 uptake increases in tissue capillaries

  • Allowing waste gas transport from tissue —> lungs

5
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How does the Haldane effect work in lungs?

  • In lungs, fresh oxygen binds to Hb

  • Displacing CO2 from Hb