Chapter 2 Principles Of radiologic imaging 6th edition

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96 Terms

1
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"1. The study of nonliving matter:

a) Biology

b) Physics

c) Physical science

d) Chemistry

Physical science

2
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"2. The study of living matter:

a) Physics

b) Physical science

c) Biological science

d) Biochemistry

Biological science

3
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3. Branch of science that studies matter energy and their interrelationships

a) Atoms only

b) Matter and energy

c) Human anatomy

d) Chemical reactions"

Matter and energy

4
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"4. Anything that has mass and occupies space:

a) Energy

b) Matter

c) Force

d) Weight"

Matter

5
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"5. Principal characteristic of matter:

a) Shape

b) Energy

c) Mass

d) Space"

Mass

6
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"6. The force an object exerts under gravity:

a) Mass

b) Weight

c) Energy

d) Density"

Weight

7
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"7. SI unit of mass

a) Gram

b) Newton

c) Kilogram

d) Pound"

Kilogram

8
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"8. Substance with definite and constant composition:

a) Mixture

b) Compound

c) Substance

d) Element"

Substance

9
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"9. Two or more substances combined without chemical bonding:

a) Mixture

b) Element

c) Molecule

d) Compound"

Mixture

10
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"10. Smallest particle of an element:

a) Atom

b) Molecule

c) Neutron

d) Proton"

Atom

11
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"11. Two or more atoms chemically united:

a) Compound

b) Molecule

c) Proton

d) Mixture"

Molecule

12
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"12. Two or more elements chemically united:

a) Simple substance

b) Compound

c) Mixture

d) Molecule"

Compound

13
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"13. Energy is defined as:

a) Mass × velocity

b) Ability to do work

c) Force applied to matter

d) Movement of electrons"

Ability to do work

14
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"14. Equation for work:

a) Mass × velocity

b) Force × distance

c) Energy × time

d) Mass ÷ acceleration"

Force × distance

15
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"15. Energy of motion:

a) Potential energy

b) Kinetic energy

c) Thermal energy

d) Electrical energy"

Kinetic energy

16
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"16. Energy due to position:

a) Heat

b) Kinetic energy

c) Potential energy

d) Electrical energy"

Potential energy

17
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"17. Energy from motion of atoms/molecules:

a) Chemical

b) Heat (Thermal)

c) Nuclear

d) Mechanical"

Heat (Thermal)

18
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"18. Faster vibration of atoms results in greater:

a) Kinetic energy

b) Thermal energy

c) Nuclear energy

d) Chemical energy"

Thermal energy

19
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"19. Energy from movement of electrons:

a) Protons

b) Neutrons

c) Electrons

d) Molecules"

Electrons

20
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"20. Energy stored in nucleus of atom:

a) Heat energy

b) Nuclear energy

c) Chemical energy

d) Electromagnetic energy"

Nuclear energy

21
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"21. Electromagnetic energy travels as:

a) Vibrating molecules

b) Electric and magnetic fields

c) Collisions of atoms

d) Nuclear forces"

Electric and magnetic fields

22
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"22. Which is NOT electromagnetic energy:

a) Radio waves

b) Microwaves

c) Sound waves

d) X-rays"

Sound waves

23
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"23. Radiation is:

a) Energy emitted and transferred through matter

b) Energy stored in nuclei

c) Vibrational motion

d) Mixture of elements"

Energy emitted and transferred through matter

24
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"24. Scientist who proposed matter-energy equivalence:

a) Bohr

b) Dalton

c) Einstein

d) Rutherford"

Einstein

25
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"25. Three basic subatomic particles:

a) Protons neutrons electrons

b) Atoms molecules compounds

c) Electrons molecules isotopes

d) Energy matter atoms"

Protons, neutrons, electrons

26
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"26. Scientist who developed first periodic table:

a) Dalton

b) Bohr

c) Rutherford

d) Mendeleev"

Mendeleev

27
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"27. Scientist who developed nuclear atom model (1911):

a) Bohr

b) Rutherford

c) Dalton

d) Einstein"

Rutherford

28
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"28. Scientist who expanded atom structure with electron orbits:

a) Rutherford

b) Bohr

c) Einstein

d) Mendeleev"

Bohr

29
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"29. Charge of a proton:

a) Negative

b) Neutral

c) Positive

d) None"

Positive

30
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"30. Charge of an electron:

a) Positive

b) Neutral

c) Negative

d) Zero"

Negative

31
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"31. Charge of a neutron:

a) Positive

b) Neutral

c) Negative

d) Variable"

Neutral

32
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"32. Mass number (A) equals:

a) Protons only

b) Protons + Neutrons

c) Electrons only

d) Protons + Electrons"

Protons + Neutrons

33
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"33. Energy needed to remove electron from atom:

a) Potential energy

b) Electron binding energy

c) Ionization

d) Work energy"

Electron binding energy

34
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"34. Unit for binding energy and X-ray energy:

a) Volt

b) Joule

c) Electron volt (eV)

d) Watt"

Electron volt (eV)

35
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"35. 1 keV equals:

a) 1 electron volt

b) 100 electron volts

c) 1000 electron volts

d) 10,000 electron volts" ,

1,000 electron volts

36
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"36. Elements important in radiology:

a) H O C I Ba W Mo Pb

b) Na K C Ca

c) S P Fe Mg

d) He Ne Ar Kr"

H, O, C, I, Ba, W, Mo, Pb

37
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"37. Periodic table arranged by:

a) Atomic weight

b) Atomic number (Z)

c) Valence electrons

d) Neutron count"

Atomic number (Z)

38
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"38. Maximum electrons per shell formula:

a) 2n²

b) n²

c) 8n

d) n³"

2n²

39
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"39. Octet rule states outer shell can hold:

a) 2 electrons

b) 4 electrons

c) 6 electrons

d) 8 electrons"

8 electrons

40
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"40. Elements with full outer shells are:

a) Reactive

b) Inert and chemically stable

c) Isotopes

d) Ionized"

Inert and chemically stable

41
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"41. Key property distinguishing one element from another:

a) Mass

b) Neutron number

c) Atomic number (protons)

d) Valence"

Atomic number (protons)

42
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"42. Atom with same protons but different neutrons:

a) Ion

b) Isotope

c) Molecule

d) Compound"

Isotope

43
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"43. Process when atom gains/loses electrons:

a) Ionization

b) Isotope formation

c) Fusion

d) Radiation"

Ionization

44
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"44. Positive ion forms when atom:

a) Gains electron

b) Loses electron

c) Splits nucleus

d) Fuses protons"

Loses electron

45
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"45. Negative ion forms when atom:

a) Gains electron

b) Loses electron

c) Splits nucleus

d) Emits photon"

Gains electron

46
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"46. SI unit of energy:

a) Electron volt

b) Joule (J)

c) Watt

d) Newton"

Joule (J)

47
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"47. Unit of mass for atomic particles:

a) Kilogram

b) Gram

c) Atomic mass unit (amu)

d) Mole"

Atomic mass unit (amu)

48
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"48. Scientist who published first atomic theory:

a) Dalton

b) Bohr

c) Rutherford

d) Einstein"

Dalton

49
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"49. Greek concept of 4 basic components of matter:

a) Earth Wind Water Fire

b) Air Water Earth Fire

c) Heat Cold Light Dark

d) Metal Wood Fire Water"

Air, Water, Earth, Fire

50
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"50. Outermost electron shell is called:

a) Nucleus

b) Proton shell

c) Valence shell

d) Octet shell"

Valence shell

51
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The unit of mass is the

a) m/sec

b) kg

c) mm

d) cc

b) kg

52
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2. An electron is _____ charged and has a mass of ________ amu(s).

a) positively-1

b) negatively- 0.000548

c) neutral- 1

d) positively- 0.000548

b) negatively-0.000548

53
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3.** The orderly arrangement of elements in the periodic table is based upon

a) atomic weights

b) mass number

c) neutron number

d) atomic number

d) atomic number

54
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4.** Photon wavelength is

a) inversely proportional to photon velocity

b) directly proportional to photon frequency

c) inversely proportional to photon frequency

d) usually designated by the letter c

c) inversely proportional to photon frequency

55
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5.** All of the following are true of electromagnetic energies EXCEPT:

a) They are illustrated as sinusoidal waves.

b) They possess both wave and particle characteristics.

c) The relationship between frequency and wavelength is direct and proportional.

d) They are arranged in an orderly spectrum according to frequency and wavelength.

c) The relationship between frequency and wavelength is direct and proportional.

56
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6.** The maximum number of electrons found in any energy level (shell) at any point in time is calculated by the formula

a) V = I × R

b) W = F × D

c) N = amu × Z

d) 2n²

d) 2n²

57
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7.** The sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus is called the

a) electron number

b) atomic weight

c) quantum number

d) mass number

d) mass number

58
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8.** Groups of the periodic table

a) represent elements with the same outer electron configuration

b) are horizontal

c) represent elements with the same atomic density

d) none of the above

a) represent elements with the same outer electron configuration

59
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9.** A period in the periodic table is

a) represented by a column

b) vertical

c) elements with the same number of shells

d) determined by the valence electrons

c) elements with the same number of shells

60
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20.** The periodic table of the elements was developed by ___ in the late 19th century.

a) Bohr

b) Rutherford

c) Mendeleev

d) Roentgen

c) Mendeleev

61
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21.** Rutherford's experiments in 1911 showed that the atom was composed of

a) electrons with well-defined orbits

b) a nucleus with an electron cloud

c) electrified plum pudding

d) a ball of hooks and eyes

b) a nucleus with an electron cloud

62
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22.** A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons in well-defined orbits is the _______ model of the atom.

a) Bohr

b) Thomson

c) Rutherford

d) Dalton

a) Bohr

63
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23.** What are the fundamental particles of an atom?

a) Quark positron negatron

b) Nucleon electron proton

c) Proton neutron quark

d) Proton electron neutron

d) Proton electron neutron

64
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24.** The chemical element is determined by the number of ____in the atom.

a) protons

b) electrons

c) neutrons

d) nucleons

a) protons

65
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25.** An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of _____.

a) one

b) zero

c) positive

d) negative

b) zero

66
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26.** The binding energies or energy levels of electrons are represented by the

a) atomic numbers

b) atomic mass units

c) shells

d) quantum states

c) shells

67
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The unit of mass most often used in atomic particles is: a) Gram b) Kilogram c) Atomic mass unit (amu) d) Joule

Atomic mass unit (amu)

68
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Atomic mass number (A) is equal to: a) Number of protons only b) Number of neutrons only c) Number of protons + neutrons d) Number of electrons + protons

Number of protons + neutrons

69
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The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom is called: a) Ionization energy b) Electron binding energy c) Potential energy d) Nuclear force

Electron binding energy

70
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Which electron has the strongest binding energy? a) K-shell electron b) L-shell electron c) M-shell electron d) Valence electron

K-shell electron

71
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Which force tends to pull electrons back toward the nucleus? a) Centrifugal force b) Electrostatic attraction c) Gravitational force d) Magnetic force

Electrostatic attraction

72
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The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is: a) Neutron b) Atom c) Proton d) Molecule

Atom

73
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Two or more atoms chemically united form a: a) Substance b) Molecule c) Proton d) Mixture

Molecule

74
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A substance with definite and constant composition is called: a) Mixture b) Compound c) Element d) Substance

Substance

75
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An isotope differs from other atoms of the same element by having a different number of: a) Protons b) Electrons c) Neutrons d) Shells

Neutrons

76
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An atom that gains an electron becomes a: a) Positive ion b) Negative ion c) Isotope d) Proton

Negative ion

77
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The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called: a) Groups b) Families c) Periods d) Columns

Periods

78
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The vertical columns of the periodic table are called: a) Periods b) Rows c) Groups d) Shells

Groups

79
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Elements with 8 electrons in their outer shell are: a) Chemically unstable b) Inert and stable c) Radioactive d) Polyenergetic

Inert and stable

80
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The maximum number of electrons per shell can be determined by: a) 2n² b) 8n c) n³ d) Z + A

2n²

81
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The ability to do work is defined as: a) Mass b) Energy c) Force d) Motion

Energy

82
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The unit of energy is the: a) Volt b) Joule c) Watt d) Electron volt

Joule

83
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Radiation is defined as: a) Energy stored in a nucleus b) Energy emitted and transferred through matter c) Vibrations in a medium d) Force × distance

Energy emitted and transferred through matter

84
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Which form of energy results from movement of electrons? a) Heat b) Nuclear c) Electrical d) Mechanical

Electrical

85
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Which form of energy results from electric and magnetic disturbances in space? a) Nuclear b) Chemical c) Electromagnetic d) Mechanical

Electromagnetic

86
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X-rays are produced from: a) Radioactive decay b) X-ray tubes c) Gamma emission d) Thermal vibration

X-ray tubes

87
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The distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave is called: a) Frequency b) Amplitude c) Wavelength (λ) d) Velocity

Wavelength (λ)

88
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The number of waves that pass a given point per second is called: a) Wavelength

b) Frequency

c) Amplitude

d) Velocity

Frequency

89
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The maximum height of a wave from rest is its:

a) Amplitude

b) Frequency

c) Velocity

d) Quantum

Amplitude

90
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The relationship between wavelength and frequency is:

a) Directly proportional

b) Inversely proportional

c) Unrelated

d) Constant

Inversely proportional

91
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The formula that relates wavelength- frequency- and velocity is:

a) c = f × λ

b) E = mc²

c) W = F × d

d) 2n²

c = f × λ

92
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A photon is described as: a) A particle with mass b) A quantum of electromagnetic energy c) A proton in motion d) A neutron orbit

A quantum of electromagnetic energy

93
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The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its: a) Amplitude b) Wavelength c) Frequency d) Velocity

Frequency

94
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Which of the following is NOT a photon property? a) Frequency b) Wavelength c) Mass d) Amplitude

Mass

95
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The unit used to measure electron binding energy is: a) Joule b) Volt c) Electron volt (eV) d) Watt

Electron volt (eV)

96
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One kilo-electron volt (keV) is equal to: a) 10 eV b) 100 eV c) 1000 eV d) 10000 eV

1,000 eV