Human digestion

enzymes

complex proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

substrate

the substance that an enzyme acts upon

liver

produces bile

stomach

where protein digestion begins

peristalsis

wave like movements meant to push food down the oesophagus and into the stomach

pancreas

forms enzymes for the digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates

salivary glands

glands of the mouth that produce saliva and secrete salivary amylase

epiglottis

a flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.

Mouth (Digestive System)

where digestion begins

tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing

large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

small intestine

digestive organ where most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

appendix

no function

rectum

stores feces

anus

a muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which waste material is eliminated from the body

esophagus

a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach

digestive track

tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus

bile

a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

biological catalyst

A substance found in living organisms that speeds up reactions (an enzyme).

Carbohydrates

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

catalyst

An enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst

chemical digestion

Enzymes break down food into smaller molecules

denaturation

Denaturation is when the protein uncoils and loses its natural shape

digestive tract

The organs through which food passes during the process of being digested. These include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.

enzyme-substrate complex

enzyme binds to its substrate

lipids

fats and oils

fatty acid

Building Blocks of Lipids

fiber

A tough complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest

gallbladder

stores bile

gallstone

hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct

glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

glycerol

Combines with fatty acids to make lipids.

lock and key model

Enzymes and substrates fit together based on their specific shapes like a key fits a lock

roughage

A feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy. Such feeds as hay, straw, silage, and pasture are examples.

mechanical digestion

Physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces

simple sugars

building blocks of carbohydrates

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

egestion

The removal of nonsoluble waste materials.

injestion

process of taking in food

digestion

Breakdown of food substances into simpler forms that can be absorbed and used