APUSH Period 7B Vocab

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished

Palmer Raids

A 1920 operation coordinated by Attorney General Mitchel Palmer in which federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organization in 32 cities

Great Migration

movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Immigration Quotas

Limitations on immigration that were passed by the U.S. government that established preferred immigration of those who were thought to be more "capable" and capable of success in the United States, while limited the immigration of those who were deemed "unnecessary."

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

Stock Speculation/Buying on Margin

"stock speculation" and "buying on margin" refer to the practice of investors purchasing stocks with borrowed money, essentially betting that the stock price will rise significantly, allowing them to profit by selling at a higher price, but also putting them at high risk if the market crashes and the stock value plummets; this practice was particularly prevalent in the 1920s and is considered a major contributing factor to the stock market crash of 1929 and the Great Depression

Teapot Dome Scandal

A government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921

Rugged Individualism

Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance.

Fireside Chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

Security Exchange Commission

independent agency of the government that regulates financial markets and investment companies

Tennessee Valley Authority

A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.

Civilian Conservation Corps

A major public works program in the United States during the Great Depression.

Wagner Act

1935, also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Fair Labor Standards Act

1938 act which provided for a minimum wage and restricted shipments of goods produced with child labor

Huey Long

As senator in 1932 of Washington preached his "Share Our Wealth" programs. It was a 100% tax on all annual incomes over $1 million and appropriation of all fortunes in excess of $5 million. With this money Long proposed to give every American family a comfortable income, etc

Court Packing Scandal

FDR wanted to hire more justices that supported him in order to pass more bills

Keynesian Economics

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

Neutrality Acts

4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents

Quarantine Speech

The speech was an act of condemnation of Japan's invasion of China in 1937 and called for Japan to be quarantined. FDR backed off the aggressive stance after criticism, but it showed that he was moving the country slowly out of isolationism.

Lend Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Executive Order 9066

2/19/42; 112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes & businesses, 600K more renounced citizenship; demonstrated fear of Japanese invasion

Korematsu v. US

1944 Supreme Court case where the Supreme Court upheld the order providing for the relocation of Japanese Americans. It was not until 1988 that Congress formally apologized and agreed to pay $20,000 2 each survivor

Island Hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

Women's Auxiliary Army Corps

Unites States army unit created during World War II to enable women to serve in noncombat positions

Yalta Conference

1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

Manhattan Project/Atomic Bomb

A secret research and development project of the US to develop the atomic bomb. Its success granted the US the bombs that ended the war with Japan as well as ushering the country into the atomic era